Hydatid Disease in the Central Region of Iran: A 5-year Epidemiological and Clinical Overview

Article Sidebar

PDF
Published: Jul 10, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5195/cajgh.2019.364
Keywords:
Echinococcus granulosus Epidemiology Hydatid disease

Main Article Content

Aliasghar Farazi
Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9593-6391
Nader Zarinfar
Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran;
Farhad Kayhani
Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
Firoozeh Khazaie
Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Hydatid cyst is caused by an infection by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Patients with cystic echinococcosis often remain asymptomatic until the hydatid cysts grow large enough to cause symptoms and signs. The cysts grow in the course of several years before reaching maturity and the rate of growth depends on the location of the cyst.

Methods: This study was conducted in the Central region of Iran and involved all patients diagnosed with hydatid disease from 2012 to 2016 with the records identifed from 10 centers for disease control. Descriptive statistics including range and percentage were used in analyzing the patient characteristics.

Results: Hydatid disease was confirmed in 84 cases. The mean age of patients was (23.1±5.1) years (range: 15-53 years) and 55.9% of cases were female. Single organ involvement was found in 86.9% of cases. 98.8% cases were successfully treated. The most common sites of infection were lung (42.9%), followed by liver (38.1%), and joint liver/lung (10.7%). The diagnosis was established by abdominal ultrasound, abdominal CT, and serology in all patients. The diagnosis was confirmed by histology in 80 (95.2%) of cases. All of cases were treated with albendazole, and 80 (95.2%) of cases had surgical intervention. The prevalence of human hydatidosis in our study was 1.16 per 100,000 population.

Conclusions: Hydatid disease is common in Iran and should be a focus of public health interventions. The organ sites affected in this study include lung and liver.

Article Details

How to Cite
Farazi, A., Zarinfar, N., Kayhani, F., & Khazaie, F. (2019). Hydatid Disease in the Central Region of Iran: A 5-year Epidemiological and Clinical Overview. Central Asian Journal of Global Health, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.5195/cajgh.2019.364
Issue
Vol. 8 No. 1 (2019)
Section
Short Reports

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.
  2. Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.
  3. The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:
    1. Attribution—other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;
    with the understanding that the above condition can be waived with permission from the Author and that where the Work or any of its elements is in the public domain under applicable law, that status is in no way affected by the license.
  4. The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  5. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a prepublication manuscript (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.
  6. Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.
  7. The Author represents and warrants that:
    1. the Work is the Author’s original work;
    2. the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;
    3. the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;
    4. the Work has not previously been published;
    5. the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and
    6. the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.
  8. The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.

Revised 7/16/2018. Revision Description: Removed outdated link. 

References

Ravis E, Theron A, Lecomte B, Gariboldi V. Pulmonary cyst embolism: a rare complication of hydatidosis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2018 Jan 1. 53 (1):286-7.

Meeting of the WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis (WHO-IWGE), Geneva, Switzerland, 15–16 December 2016. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2017 (WHO/HTM/ NTD/NZD/2017.01). License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

Siracusano A, Delunardo F, Teggi A, Ortona E. Host-parasite relationship in cystic echinococcosis: an evolving story. Clin Dev Immunol. 2012. 2012:639362.

Wang K, Zhang X, Jin Z, Ma H, Teng Z, Wang L. Modelling and analysis of the transmission of echinococcosis with application to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. J Theor Biol. 2013 May 10.

Torgerson PR. The emergence of echinococcosis in central Asia. Parasitology. 2013 May 10. 1-7.

Ito A, Budke CM. The echinococcoses in Asia: the present situation. Acta Trop. 2017 Dec. 176:11-21.

Moldovan R, Neghina AM, Calma CL, Marincu I, Neghina R. Human cystic echinococcosis in two south-western and central-western Romanian counties: A 7-year epidemiological and clinical overview. Acta Trop. 2012 Jan. 121(1):26-9.

Manterola C, Otzen T, Munoz G, Alanis M, Kruuse E, Figueroa G. Surgery for hepatic hidatidosis. Risk factors and variables associated with postoperative morbidity. Overview of the existing evidence. Cir Esp. 2017 Dec. 95 (10):566-76.

Ahmadi NA, Badi F. Human hydatidosis in Tehran, Iran: a retrospective epidemiological study of surgical cases between 1999 and 2009 at two university medical centers. Trop Biomed 2011; 28: 450-456.

Yang YR, Rosenzvit MC, Zhang LH, Zhang JZ, McManus DP. Molecular study of Echinococcus in west-central China. Parasitology 2005; 131: 547-555.

Sako Y, Nakao M, Nakaya K, Yamasaki H, Ito A. Recombinant antigens for sero diagnosis of cysticercosis and echinococcosis. Parasitol Int 2006; 55(Suppl): S69-S73.

Sadjjadi SM. Present situation of echinococcosis in the Middle East and Arabic North Africa. Parasitol Int. 2006; 55 Suppl: S197-202.

Rokni MB. The present status of human helminthic diseases in Iran. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2008; 102(4):283-295.

Montazeri, V, Sokouti M, Rashidi H. Comparison of pulmonary hydatid disease between children and adult. Tanaffos. 2007; 6(1):13- 18.

Priego P, Nuño J, López Hervás P, López Buenadicha A, Peromingo R, Díe J, et al. Hepatic hydatidosis. Radical vs. conservative surgery: 22 years of experience. Revista Espanola de Enfermedades Digestivas. 2008; 100(2):82-5.

Rokni M. Echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Iran. Iranian J Parasitol, 2009; 4(2):1-16.

Shambesh MA, Craig PS, Macpherson CN, Rogan MT, Gusbi AM, Echtuish EF. An extensive ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis in northern Libya. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 1999; 60(3):462-8.

Al-Shibani L. Cases of hydatidosis in patients referred to Governmental hospitals for cyst removal in Sana’a City, Republic of Yemen. Trop Biomed, 2012; 29(1):18r23.

Alghoury A, El-Hamshary E, Azazy A, Hussein E, Rayan HZ. Hydatid disease in Yemeni patients attending public and private hospitals in Sana’a city, Yemen. Oman medical journal. 2010; 25(2):88.

Sarkari B, Sadjjadi S, Beheshtian M, Aghaee M, Sedaghat F. Human cystic Echinococcosis in Yasuj district in Southwest of Iran: an epidemiological study of seroprevalence and surgical cases over a ten‐year period. Zoonoses and public health. 2010; 57(2):146-50.

Harandi MF, Budke CM, Rostami S. The monetary burden of cystic echinococcosis in Iran. PLOS neglected tropical diseases. 2012;6(11):1915

Mousavi S, Samsami M, Fallah M, Zirakzadeh H. A retrospective survey of human hydatidosis based on hospital records during the period of 10 years. Journal of Parasitic Diseases. 2012;36(1):7-9.