Lifestyle intervention as a treatment for obesity in school-age-children in Celaya, Guanajuato: An experimental study
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is a risk factor in chronic diseases, and its frequency among children in Mexico is increasing. Objective: To determine the effect of lifestyle intervention as a treatment for obesity in school-age-children from Celaya, Mexico.
Methodology: For this experimental study, four schools were randomly selected. Children and parents participated voluntarily and signed consent forms. Two schools were chosen as the experimental group and the other two formed the control group. Age, gender, weight, height, BMI and blood pressure were recorded for each participant. Intervention: Children and parents were asked to walk in their schools for 30 minutes a day Monday through Friday and to attend 8 instructional sessions over a period of four months dedicated to the selection and preparation of meals. Statistical Analysis: The OR and 95% CI were calculated to determine the effect of the intervention; a Z-test for two proportions for overweight and obesity in the control and experimental groups were carried out for comparison.
Results: 157 children were included in the experimental group and 144 in the control group. To compare the proportions of the overweight and the obese between the groups, a Z-test = - 0.36 (p-value 0.72) were obtained showing no effect of the intervention in lifestyle; OR =1.09, 95% CI (0.67, 1.77). It was adjusted according to the attendance to the sessions resulting in an OR = 2.00, 95% CI (0.69, 5.77), demonstrating that not attending the sessions was a confounder.
Conclusions: Intervention in lifestyle should be measured over a longer period of time in order to determine what effects it may have on changes in body mass index.
Article Details
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.
- Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.
- The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:
- Attribution—other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;
- The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a prepublication manuscript (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.
- Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.
- The Author represents and warrants that:
- the Work is the Author’s original work;
- the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;
- the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;
- the Work has not previously been published;
- the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and
- the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.
- The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.
Revised 7/16/2018. Revision Description: Removed outdated link.
References
Martorell R. Results and implications of the INCAP follow-up study. J Nutr. 1995; 125:1127S-1138S.
Popkin B. An overview on the nutrition transition and its health implications: The Bellagio meeting. Public Health Nutr. 2002; 5(1A):93-103.
Calzada R. Prevalence and etiopathogeny [Spanish]. In: Calzada R, editor. Obesity in children and adolescents. Editores de Textos Mexicanos, México, D.F., 2003, p. 99-120.
Olaiz-Fernández G, Rivera-Dommarco J, Shamah-Levy T, Rojas R, Villalpando-Hernandez S, Hernandez Avila M, Sepúlveda-Amor J. National Survey on health and nutrition. 2006. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, 2006.
Satcher D. CDC’s 60th anniversary; Director’s perspective. MMWR. 2007; 56:579-82.
Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin RL, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999—2004. JAMA. 2006; 295:1549-55.
Fanghänel SG. Obesity: main problem of health in new century [Spanish]. Rev Endocrinol Nutr. 2001; 9:49.
Bronfman M, Guiscafre H, Castro V, Castro R, Gutierrez G. Measuring inequality: a methodological strategy, analysis of the socioeconomic characteristics of the sample [Spanish]. Arch Invest Med (Mex). 1988; 19:351-60.
Hernandez- Avila JE, Gonzalez-Aviles L, Rosales.Mendoza E, Parra-Cabrera S, Hernandez-Avila M, Romieu I, Willet W, Madrigal H. Evaluation system of nutritional habits and intake of nutrients [Spanish]. Centro de investigacion en salud poblacional. Direccion de informatica. Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Mexico, 2003 (http://www.insp.mx/snut2003/index.php) (Accesed July 11, 2008).
Barron C. Controversies to establish the diagnosis [Spanish]. In: Calzada R, editor. Obesity in children and adolescents. Editores de Textos Mexicanos, México, D.F., 2003, p. 99-120.
National high blood pressure education program working group on high blood pressure in children and adolescents. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004; 114:555-76.
Halabe A. Arterial hypertension in childhood:importance of measure arterial pressure in ambulatory care [Spanish]. Rev Fac Med UNAM. 2002; 45:245-247.
Steinberger J, Stephen R. Obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular risk in children. Circulation. 2003; 107:1448-1453.
Strong WB, Malina RM, Slimkie CJR, Daniels SR, Dishman RK, Gutin B, Hegenroeder AC, et als. Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth, The Journal of Pediatrics. 2005; 146(6): 732-737.
Klesges RC, Obarsonek E, Kumanyika S, Murray DM, Klesges LM, Relyea GE, Stockton MB, Lanctot JQ, Beech BM, McClanahan BS, Sherrill-Mittleman D, Slawson DL. The Memphis Girls’ health enrichement multi-site studies (GEMS). An evaluation of the efficacy of a 2-year obesity prevention program in African-American girls. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010; 164(11): 1007-1014.
Kathib OMN, Sayed EGM. Clinical guidelines for the management of hypertension. EMRO Technical Publication Series 27. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2005:48-52.
National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004; 114 (Suppl. 2): 557-576.