The State of Cardiovascular Disease in the Kyrgyz Republic
Ryskul B. Kydyralieva
The National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine named after
academician M.Mirrahimov at Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic,
Bishkek
Short Report
According to the Republican Medical Informational Centre1 of the Kyrgyz
Republic, cardiovascular disease (CVD) was the leading cause of death
in 2011, representing half (50.1 %) of all deaths.
Figure
1:
The structure of the reasons of death rate of the Kyrgyz Republic
population (according to Republican medical and informational centre,
2011)
In 1991, the death rate from CVD was 261.9 (per 100,000 population),
while in 2011 this reached 326.3, a 24.5% increase. More than eighteen
thousand people in Kyrgyzstan die from CVD each year, over 50 every
day.1,2 The primary cause of death as
related to CVD is coronary heart
disease (80% of all CVD mortality, including acute myocardial
infarction), followed by cerebrovascular diseases.
Figure 2: Death rate of the Kyrgyz Republic population from
different cardiovascular diseases
Kyrgyzstan has the sixth highest CVD mortality in Eurasia following
Russia, Byelorussia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Moldova. It is first in
the Eurasian region on the standardized parameter of mortality from
stroke at 88.5 cases per 100,000. 2,3,4
Figure 3: Standardized death rate from cerebrovascular
diseases (per 100,000 population, WHO, 2004)
Figure 4: Standardized death rate from coronary heart diseases
(per 100,000 population, WHO, 2004)
It is especially alarming that CVD death rates are increasing among
young and able-bodied people.1,2 From 1991 to
2010, CVD mortality
increased by 40.5% and 18.1 % in age categories 30-39 and 40-59,
respectively.
Figure 5: Death rate from cardiovascular diseases in
Kyrgyzstan, ages 30-39.
Figure 6: The death rate from cardiovascular diseases in
Kyrgyzstan, ages 40-59.
CVD is not only the leading cause of death in Kyrgyz population; it
causes a large percentage of premature disability. CVD accounts for
19.6% of all disability cases, exceeding similar disability parameters
for other diseases.1,2
Figure 7: Structure of premature disability of the Kyrgyz
Republic population (according to Republican medical and informational
centre, 1998-2011)
Using estimation methods of economic efficiency, we calculated economic
losses connected to cardiovascular diseases in Kyrgyzstan. Analysis
revealed that economic damage from premature death and physical
disability from CVD in Kyrgyzstan totaled more than 14 billions soms
(around 360 million US Dollars) in 2007.5 As
reflected, the healthcare
system must be reorganized to combat cardiovascular diseases and stop
the deterioration of Kyrgyz health. In doing so, we may prevent serious
economic and social consequences of these diseases.
Taking into account the data outlined above, combating CVD in the
Kyrgyz Republic is one of the key directions and priorities of national
programs to reform public health. These programs, entitled "Manas
Taalimi" (2006-2011)6 and “DenSooluk” (2012 –
2016) are supported by
the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic.
These program implementations are performed in four key directions,
including:
- Integrating republic-level cardiology
service
systems,
program monitoring, and evaluation.7
- Increasing the preventive work within
the general
population and
providing training to identify key CVD prevention principles as well as
CVD treatment and complications. Empowering communities to join the
fight against CVD, including institutions of local self-government,
non-governmental organizations, etc.8
- Improving awareness and knowledge among family doctors,
nurses, and medical assistants regarding methods to combat CVD9
- Introducing modern technologies of
diagnostics,
treatment,
and prevention of CVD into public health practice.
Organizing public health programs to combat CVD at
the
Republic level
will provide opportunities to lower the death rate from cardiovascular
diseases,10,11,12,13 promote significant
improvement of health state of Kyrgyz people, and prolong their
longevity and productivity.
References
1. The public healthcare and activities of healthcare institutions of
Republic of Kyrgyz. The Reports of 1999-2011. Republican Medical
Information Center of Ministry of Healthcare of RK. Bishkek.
2. Kyrgyzstan in numbers. National Statistical Committee of Republic of
Kyrgyzstan. Statistical reports of 2000-2011. Bishkek.
3. National report on human development. Kyrgyzstan. UNDP. Bishkek.
1997-2011.
4. The world health report, 2002. Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy
Life
5. Kydyralieva R. Scientific organizational methods of development and
introduction of modern preventive and diagnostic techniques in
cardiology. D.Sc. abstract. 2010.
6. National program for Healthcare Reform of Republic of Kyrgyzstan
ĞManas-taalimiğ for 2006-2010. Bishkek. 2006: p56.
7. The World Health Report, 2008. Primary Health Care (Now More Than
Ever).
8. The World Health Report, 2003. Shaping the future.
9. The World Health Report, 2006. Working together for health.
10. E.I. Chazov. Cardiology in USSR. AMS of USSR. Medicine. 1982: p288.
11. Health care in Central Asia. WHO Information Center. Bishkek. 2000
12. Suhrcke M., Rosso L., McKee M. Healthcare investment: key condition
for successful development of Western Europe and Central Asia. European
Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. 2008: p274.
13. Adeyi O., Smith O., Robles. C. Public Policy and the Challenge of
Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases. World Bank. Moscow. 2008: p187.