2024-03-28T11:10:44Z
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/oai
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/3
2021-05-13T15:49:59Z
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2166-7403
10.5195/cajgh.2012.3
doi
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New directions in building a scientific social network: Experiences in the Supercourse project and application to Central Asia
Hennon, Meredith
University of Pittsburgh
LaPorte, Ronald E.
University of Pittsburgh
Shubnikov, Eugene
Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
Linkov, Faina
University of Pittsburgh
Introduction
Networking leaders in the field of public health and medicine is very important for improving health locally and globally, especially in times of disaster.
Methods
Fishing can best be defined as using an internet search engine to find the name and email address of the person or organization that is being sought.
Results
With over 500 hours of work, the group compiled a list of nearly 2,000 email addresses of Ministers of Health, deans of the 1,800 medical schools and schools of public health, and heads of medical and public health societies.
Conclusions
Fishing for deans and others is an important task, albeit just the first step in building a scientific social network. Upon creation of a database of names, other steps must be taken, such as meeting with others, exchanging information, and forming new collaborations before a scientific social network is successfully completed.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2012-08-29 11:14:39
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Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2012): Inaugural Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2012 Meredith Hennon, Ronald E. LaPorte, Eugene Shubnikov, Faina Linkov
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/9
2021-05-13T15:46:40Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2012.9
doi
dc
Is the Supercourse useful for Latin America?
Padilla-Raygoza, Nicolas
University of Guanajuato
Linkov, Faina
Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Science, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
Shubnikov, Eugene
Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
LaPorte, Ronald E.
Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
Diaz-Guerrero, Rosalina
Departrment of Nursing and Obstetrics, Division of Health Sciences and Engineering, Campus Celaya Salvatierra, University of Guanajuato
BACKGROUND: The success of the Supercourse showed that the effort was needed in Latin America. But would a Spanish language version be better for the region?
METHODS: Google Analytics was used to determine website usage. A custom evaluation form was created to get user feedback on the usefulness of both the English language and Spanish language Supercouse lectures.
RESULTS: Over a year's span from June 2009 to June 2010 there were 257,403 unique visits and 448,939 page views. The overall average rating of lectures was 4.87 with the Spanish language lectures getting even higher ratings.
CONCLUSION: Supercourse lectures in Spanish were a great success in Latin America. This success shows the need for this information and similar success could be found in Central Asia.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2012-08-29 11:14:39
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/9
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2012): Inaugural Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2013 Nicolas Padilla-Raygoza, Faina Linkov, Eugene Shubnikov, Ronald E. LaPorte, Rosalina Diaz-Guerrero
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/10
2021-05-13T15:42:17Z
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2166-7403
10.5195/cajgh.2013.10
doi
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Alcohol Use, Risk Taking, Leisure Activities and Health Care Use Among Young People in Northern Vietnam
Thoa, Le Thi Kim
Ha Noi Medical University
Viet Nam
Hoang, Dang H.
Ha Noi Medical University
Vung, Nguyen Dang
Department of Demography, Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Tien, Pham H.
Center for Health and Development in Vietnam
Plant, M. A.
Alcohol & Health Research Unit, University of the West of England, Bristol
Alcohol consumption is associated with a wide range of health and social consequences. It is also associated with a number of risk taking behaviours. These include illicit drug use and unsafe sex. Alcohol consumption appears to be increasing in Vietnam. The purpose of this paper is to examine the patterns of alcohol consumption and its relationship with a number of other risk taking behaviours amongst young people. Information was also obtained concerning leisure activities and use of health care. The paper also sets out to examine possible gender differences in relation to alcohol consumption and risk behaviour and to propose the development and implementation of alcohol monitoring and prevention programs in Vietnam. The study involved a cross-sectional, community survey using a standardised interview. This was conducted during face-to-face interviews with 1,408 young people aged 10-19 years. Respondents were recruited randomly through the lists of the households from 12 selected communes in three areas in Northern Vietnam. The findings presented here were part of a larger health risk behaviour survey. Levels of alcohol use were low. Overall, 16.5% of participants were experienced drinkers, and only 4% of them were current drinkers. Males were significantly more likely than females to report drinking. This study also showed that rates of alcohol consumption were associated with age, education, geographical area, gender, tobacco smoking, involvement in violence, watching television, computer use and playing computer games, wearing safety helmets and use of health services. Alcohol consumption tended to increase with age for both males and females. Alcohol and its effects on young people are clearly a growing public health issue in Vietnam. Because of this, more detailed behavioral research should be conducted into the relationship between alcohol consumption and other risky behaviours amongst young people. It is also recommended that alcohol harm reduction policies should be implemented and integrated into measures to reduce levels of other health problems such as HIV/AIDS and non communicable diseases. Such policies should ideally be evidence-based and evaluated.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2013-10-01 12:10:52
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Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c) 2013 Le Thi Kim Thoa, Dang H. Hoang, Nguyen Dang Vung, Pham H. Tien, M. A. Plant
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/14
2021-05-13T15:45:04Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2013.14
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Speman®, A Proprietary Ayurvedic Formulation, Reverses Cyclophosphamide-Induced Oligospermia In Rats.
Mukram, Mohd. Azeemuddin
Department of Pharmacology, R&D Centre,
The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali,
Bangalore-562 123, Karnataka
Email: dr.rafiq@himalayahealthcare.com
Mob: +91-9844108957
Phone no.: +91-80-23714444
Fax: +91-80-23714471
Rafiq, Mohamed
R & D Center, The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Bangalore-562123, India http://himalayahealthcare.com/
Anturlikar, Suryakant D.
Department of Pharmacology, R&D Centre,
The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali,
Bangalore-562 123, Karnataka
Email: dr.rafiq@himalayahealthcare.com
Mob: +91-9844108957
Phone no.: +91-80-23714444
Fax: +91-80-23714471
Patki, Pralhad S.
R&D Centre,
The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali,
Bangalore-562 123, Karnataka
Email: dr.patki@himalayahealthcare.com
Mob: +91-9844108957
Phone no.: +91-80-23714444
Fax: +91-80-23714471
Background: This investigation was aimed to evaluate the effect of Speman®, a well known ayurvedic proprietary preparation, in an experimental model of cyclophosphamide-(CP) induced oligospermia in rats.
Materials and Methods: Thirty male rats were randomized in to five, equally-sized groups. Rats in group 1 served as a normal control; group 2 served as an untreated positive control; groups 3, 4, 5 received Speman® granules at doses of 300, 600, and 900mg/kg body weight p.o. respectively, once daily for 13 days. On day four, one hour after the respective treatment, oligospermia was induced by administering a single dose of CP (100mg/kg body weight p.o.) to all the groups except group1. At the end of the study period the rats were euthanised and accessory reproductive organs were weighed and subjected to histopathological examination. The semen samples were subject to enumeration of sperms. Weight of the reproductive organs, histopathological examination of the tissues, and sperm count were the parameters studied to understand the effect of Speman® on rats with CP-induced oligospermia.
Results: Changes that occurred due to the administration of CP at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight were dose dependently reversed with Speman® at a dose of 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg body weight. There was a statistically significant increase in sperm count and the weight of the seminal vesicle, epididymis, and prostate.
Conclusion: Findings of this investigation indicate that Speman® dose dependently reversed the CP-induced derangement of various parameters pertaining to the reproductive system. This could explain the total beneficial actions of Speman® reported in several other clinical trials.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2013-03-25 12:34:37
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/14
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c) 2013 Mohd. Azeemuddin Mukram, Mohamed Rafiq, Suryakant D. Anturlikar, Pralhad S. Patki
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/21
2021-05-13T15:45:27Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2013.21
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Lifestyle intervention as a treatment for obesity in school-age-children in Celaya, Guanajuato: An experimental study
Padilla-Raygoza, Nicolas
University of Guanajuato
Diaz-Guerrero, Rosalina
Campus Celaya Salvatierra University of Guanajuato
Ruiz-Paloalto, Ma. Laura
Campus Celaya Salvatierra University of Guanajuato
Introduction: Obesity is a risk factor in chronic diseases, and its frequency among children in Mexico is increasing. Objective: To determine the effect of lifestyle intervention as a treatment for obesity in school-age-children from Celaya, Mexico.
Methodology: For this experimental study, four schools were randomly selected. Children and parents participated voluntarily and signed consent forms. Two schools were chosen as the experimental group and the other two formed the control group. Age, gender, weight, height, BMI and blood pressure were recorded for each participant. Intervention: Children and parents were asked to walk in their schools for 30 minutes a day Monday through Friday and to attend 8 instructional sessions over a period of four months dedicated to the selection and preparation of meals. Statistical Analysis: The OR and 95% CI were calculated to determine the effect of the intervention; a Z-test for two proportions for overweight and obesity in the control and experimental groups were carried out for comparison.
Results: 157 children were included in the experimental group and 144 in the control group. To compare the proportions of the overweight and the obese between the groups, a Z-test = - 0.36 (p-value 0.72) were obtained showing no effect of the intervention in lifestyle; OR =1.09, 95% CI (0.67, 1.77). It was adjusted according to the attendance to the sessions resulting in an OR = 2.00, 95% CI (0.69, 5.77), demonstrating that not attending the sessions was a confounder.
Conclusions: Intervention in lifestyle should be measured over a longer period of time in order to determine what effects it may have on changes in body mass index.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2013-03-25 12:34:37
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Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c) 2013 Nicolas Padilla-Raygoza, Rosalina Diaz-Guerrero, Ma. Laura Ruiz-Paloalto
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/24
2021-05-13T15:49:10Z
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2166-7403
10.5195/cajgh.2012.24
doi
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Missing Millions and Measuring Progress towards the Millenium Development Goals with a focus on Central Asian States
Carr-Hill, Roy
Centre for Health Economics,
University of York
YORK, YO10 5DD
UK
Background
In developing countries, population estimates and assessments of progress towards the Millenium Development Goals are based increasingly on household surveys. It is not recognised that they are inappropriate for obtaining information about the poorest of the poor.. This is because they, typically, omit by design: those not in households because they are homeless; those who are in institutions; and mobile, nomadic or pastoralist populations. In addition, in practice, because they are difficult to reach, household surveys will typically under-represent: those in fragile, disjointed or multiple occupancy households; those in urban slums, and may omit certain areas of a country deemed to pose a security risk. Those six sub-groups constitute a pretty comprehensive ostensive definition of the ‘poorest of the poor’.
Methods
This paper documents these omissions in general, drawing on worldwide literature about the theory and practice fo implementing censuses and household surveys; and shows how substantial proportions are missing from both censuses and the sample frames of surveys.
Results
This paper suggests that between 300 and 350 million will effectively be missed worldwide from the sampling frames of such surveys and from most censuses. The impact on the health MDGs is illustrated for the five republics of the former Soviet Union making up Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan
Conclusions
It is impossible to assess progress towards or away from the MDGS in both the Central Asian Republics and worldwide. It is urgent to find solutions to the problem of the ‘missing ‘ poor population sub-groups.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2012-08-29 11:14:39
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/24
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2012): Inaugural Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2012 Roy Carr-Hill
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/29
2021-05-13T15:44:16Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2013.29
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BRCA1 and BRCA2 Gene Mutations Screening In Sporadic Breast Cancer Patients In Kazakhstan.
Akilzhanova, Ainur R.
Nazarbayev University, Center for Life Sciences
National Center for Biotechnology
Nyshanbekkyzy, Bagdat
National Center for Biotechnology
Nurkina, Zhannur M.
Nazarbayev University, Center for Life Sciences
National Center for biotechnology
Shtephanov, Ivan I.
Astana State Medical University
Astana Oncological Center
Makishev, Abay K.
Astana State Medical University
Astana Oncological Center
Adylkhanov, Tasbolat A.
Semey State Medical University
Semey Oncological Center
Rakhypbekov, Tolebay K.
Semey State Medical University
Ramanculov, Erlan M.
National Center for biotechnology
Momynaliev, Kuvat T.
National Center for biotechnology
Background: A large number of distinct mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have been reported worldwide, but little is known regarding the role of these inherited susceptibility genes in breast cancer risk among Kazakhstan women.
Aim: To evaluate the role of BRCA1/2 mutations in Kazakhstan women presenting with sporadic breast cancer.
Methods: We investigated the distribution and nature of polymorphisms in BRCA1 and BRCA2 entire coding regions in 156 Kazakhstan sporadic breast cancer cases and 112 age-matched controls using automatic direct sequencing.
Results: We identified 22 distinct variants, including 16 missense mutations and 6 polymorphisms in BRCA1/2 genes. In BRCA1, 9 missense mutations and 3 synonymous polymorphisms were observed. In BRCA2, 7 missense mutations and 3 polymorphisms were detected. There was a higher prevalence of observed mutations in Caucasian breast cancer cases compared to Asian cases (p<0.05); higher frequencies of sequence variants were observed in Asian controls. No recurrent or founder mutations were observed in BRCA1/2 genes. There were no statistically significant differences in age at diagnosis, tumor histology, size of tumor, and lymph node involvement between women with breast cancer with or without the BRCA sequence alterations.
Conclusions:Considering the majority of breast cancer cases are sporadic, the present study will be helpful in the evaluation of the need for the genetic screening of BRCA1/2 mutations and reliable genetic counseling for Kazakhstan sporadic breast cancer patients. Evaluation of common polymorphisms and mutations and breast cancer risk in families with genetic predisposition to breast cancer is ongoing in another current investigation.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2013-03-25 12:34:37
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Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c) 2013 Ainur R. Akilzhanova, Bagdat Nyshanbekkyzy, Zhannur M. Nurkina, Ivan I. Shtephanov, Abay K. Makishev, Tasbolat A. Adylkhanov, Tolebay K. Rakhypbekov, Erlan M. Ramanculov, Kuvat T. Momynaliev
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/31
2021-05-13T15:43:05Z
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2166-7403
10.5195/cajgh.2013.31
doi
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Socio-Structural Barriers, Protective Factors, and HIV Risk Among Central-Asian Female Migrants in Moscow
Zabrocki, Christopher
University of Illinois at Chicago
Weine, Stevan
Chen, Stephanie
Brajkovic, Ivana
Bahromov, Mahbat
Loue, Sana
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
Jonbekov, Jonbek
Prisma Research Center, Moscow, Russia
Shoakova, Farzona
Prisma Research Center, Moscow, Russia
Objective: This study aimed to build formative knowledge on socio-structural barriers, protective factors, and HIV sexual risk amongst Central-Asian female migrants in Moscow.
Methods: Data collection included ethnographic interviews in Moscow with a purposive sample of 30 unmarried female migrants, 15 from Kyrgyzstan and 15 from Tajikistan.
Results: Study participants reported difficulties with acquiring documents for legal status, financial insecurity, discrimination, sexual harassment, and lack of support. Based on analysis of the cases, one pathway linked lack of legal documentation and instrumental support with elevated sexual risk. Another pathways linked traditional cultural attitudes with both no and moderate sexual risk.
Conclusion: Future HIV prevention efforts with Central Asian female migrants in Moscow should be multilevel and include: increasing HIV and prevention knowledge and skills, promoting condom use with regular partners, identifying and supporting cultural attitudes that protect against HIV sexual risk behaviors, facilitating legal status, building community support, and increasing economic options.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2013-03-25 12:34:37
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/31
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c) 2013 Christopher Zabrocki, Stevan Weine, Stephanie Chen, Ivana Brajkovic, Mahbat Bahromov, Sana Loue, Jonbek Jonbekov, Farzona Shoakova
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/44
2021-05-13T15:43:29Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2013.44
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Cardiovascular risk factors in young male adults: impact of physical activity and parental education
Çuhadar, Serap
Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Clinical Biochemistry
Atay, Ayşenur
Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Izmir, Turkey
Sağlam, Gülcan
Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Izmir, Turkey
Köseoğlu, Mehmet
Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Izmir, Turkey
Çuhadar, Levent
Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Izmir, Turkey
Background: This study was conducted to assess whether choices of physical activity, smoking status, and parental education and income were correlated with the health status of young adult males which are important for preventive health policy.
Methods: 491 18-29-year old males from lower socioeconomical districts in Turkey participated in this study. Information about demographic characteristics, parental education, household income, smoking status, and physical activity was obtained by means of a standardized questionnaire. BMI and metabolic parameters (serum lipid profile) were assessed.
Results: Mean total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride levels were in the normal range. The physically active group displayed a better lipid profile. No relationship was found between parental education and serum lipids. Smoking was slightly correlated with household income (r=103, p=0.022).
Conclusion: Young adult males who participate in relatively high levels of physical activity are at lower CHD risk than less active ones. The present study also showed that lower socioecnomic status does not always correlate with higher levels of cardiovascular risk factors. In conclusion, data supports that while family history cannot be changed, HDL levels can be modulated by lifestyle factors as in other populations and that with the determined benefits of increasing physical activity and thus, HDL levels, policy reform in schools to promote physical activity are warranted.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2013-03-25 12:34:37
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Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c) 2013 Serap Çuhadar, Ay?enur Atay, Gülcan Sa?lam, Mehmet Köseo?lu, Levent Çuhadar
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/48
2021-05-13T15:41:29Z
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"131003 2013 eng "
2166-7403
10.5195/cajgh.2013.48
doi
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TB case detection in Tajikistan – analysis of existing obstacles
Korobitsyn, Alexei
Project HOPE
Bobokhojaev, Oktam
National TB Centre
Mohr, Thomas
Project HOPE
Ismoilova, Jamila
Project HOPE
Makhmudova, Mavluda
Project HOPE
Trusov, Alex
Project HOPE
Background: Tajikistan National TB Control Program
Objective: (1) To identify the main obstacles to increasing TB Detection in Tajikistan. (2) To identify interventions that improve TB detection.
Methods: Review of the available original research data, health normative base, health systems performance and national economic data, following WHO framework for detection of TB cases, which is based on three scenarios of why incident cases of TB may not be notified.
Results: Data analysis revealed that some aspects of TB case detection are more problematic than others and that there are gaps in the knowledge of specific obstacles to TB case detection. The phenomenon of “initial default” in Tajikistan has been documented; however, it needs to be studied further. The laboratory services detect infectious TB cases effectively; however, referrals of appropriate suspects for TB diagnosis may lag behind. The knowledge about TB in the general population has improved. Yet, the problem of TB related stigma persists, thus being an obstacle for effective TB detection. High economic cost of health services driven by under-the-table payments was identified as another barrier for access to health services.
Conclusion: Health system strengthening should become a primary intervention to improve case detection in Tajikistan. More research on reasons contributing to the failure to register TB cases, as well as factors underlying stigma is needed.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2013-10-01 12:10:52
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/48
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c) 2013 Alexei Korobitsyn, Oktam Bobokhojaev, Thomas Mohr, Jamila Ismoilova, Mavluda Makhmudova, Alex Trusov
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/53
2021-05-13T15:07:28Z
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2166-7403
10.5195/cajgh.2015.53
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Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women in Outpatient Facilities
Nogayeva, Maral G.
Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty
Tuleutayeva, Svetlana A.
Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty
Urinary tract morbidity has increased by 7% in Kazakhstan between 2007 to 2011. Pregnant women with extragenital pathologies or kidney diseases had the greatest prevalence of morbidity. Asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) is one of the most important risk factors of pyelonephritis development in pregnant women, and it can affect the course and outcome of pregnancy, delivery, and postnatal period. AB prevention requires prevention of pregnancy complications including early diagnostic of urinary tract infections, timely optimization of therapy at outpatient facilities, and dynamic follow-up.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2015-02-05 11:17:09
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/53
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Maral G. Nogayeva, Svetlana A. Tuleutayeva
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/55
2021-05-13T15:40:40Z
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2166-7403
10.5195/cajgh.2013.55
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Total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin levels in relation to insulin resistance among overweight/obese adults
Acharya, Sushama D.
School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
Evans, Rhobert W.
Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
Brooks, Maria M.
Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
Linkov, Faina
Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
Burke, Lora E.
School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
Objective: To determine whether baseline levels or intervention-associated changes in total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin levels were associated with insulin resistance after six months of behavioral treatment for weight loss.
Design: An ancillary study to a behavioral weight loss trial; the intervention was delivered in group sessions.
Methods: Participants included 143 overweight/obese adults with a mean BMI of 33.7 kg/m2. The sample was 88% female, 67% white, and 44.2 ± 8.5 years old. Circulating adiponectin levels (total and HMW) and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance were measured and evaluated.
Results: At baseline, there was significant inverse associations between total adiponectin and HOMA (p < 0.001) and between HMW adiponectin and HOMA (p < 0.001) independent of weight. At 6-mo, there was a 17% improvement in HOMA, 8% increase in total adiponectin, 17% increase in HMW adiponectin levels, and 8.72% weight loss (p's for all< 0.001). There was also a significant inverse association between changes in total adiponectin and HOMA (p = 0.04) that was independent of baseline weight and weight loss. In contrast, the association between changes in HMW adiponectin and HOMA was attenuated after adjustment for weight loss.
Conclusions: An increased level of total adiponectin was associated with improved insulin sensitivity, regardless of baseline weight and weight loss. However, baseline total and HMW adiponectin levels were more strongly associated with HOMA than changes in these measures at six months. HMW adiponectin level was not related more closely to insulin resistance than total adiponectin level.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2013-10-01 12:10:52
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/55
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c) 2013 Sushama D. Acharya, Rhobert W. Evans, Maria M. Brooks, Faina Linkov, Lora E. Burke
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/58
2021-05-13T15:39:04Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2013.58
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Concurrent Brucellosis and Q Fever Infection: a Case Control Study in Bamyan Province, Afghanistan
Saeed, Khwaja Mir Islam
Afghanistan National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul
Ahadi, Jamalludin
Ministry of Public Health
Sahak, Mohammad Nadir
World Health Organization, Kabul
Ghiasi, Ahmad Farid
World Health Organization, Kabul
Ashgar, Rana Jawad
National Institute of Health, Islamabad
Background: More than 500,000 people are affected by brucellosis each year while the incidence of Q fever is poorly recorded. Consistent outbreaks of brucellosis have been reported in Afghanistan, affecting social and economic life. This study aimed to determine the means of propagation of brucellosis and Q-fever and establish appropriate control measures for both.
Methods and Materials: An outbreak of 1,317 cases of brucellosis and Q fever was investigated from May 2011 to the end of 2012 in Bamyan province of Afghanistan.A total of 100 cases were selected by random sampling with equal number of neighbor controls. Data were collected through structured questionnaire.
Results: The average age was 30 years ±14 years. Of those sampled, 62% were female, 38% were male, and resided in three districts: Punjab, Yakawlang and Waras. Using multivariate analysis, being a housewife (OR=7.36), being within proximity of kitchens to barns (OR= 2.98), drinking un-boiled milk (OR= 5.26), butchering (OR= 3.53) and purchasing new animals in the last six months (OR= 3.53) were significantly associated with contraction of brucellosis and Q fever.
Conclusion: Health educators should focus on families dealing with animals, especially on females. Pasturing, healthy milking, dunging, and slaughtering practices, along with use of safe dairy products should be the focus of preventive measures.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2013-10-01 12:10:52
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/58
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c) 2014 Khwaja Mir Islam Saeed, Jamalludin Ahadi, Mohammad Nadir Sahak, Ahmad Farid Ghiasi, Rana Jawad Ashgar
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/69
2021-05-13T15:38:39Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2013.69
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Prevalence of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases in the Adult Population of Urban Areas in Kabul City, Afghanistan
Saeed, Khwaja Mir Islam
Afghanistan National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul
Background: Non-Communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major global problem. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of common risk factors for NCDs among the adult population in urban areas of Kabul city, Afghanistan.
Methods and Materials: This study was conducted from December 2011 through March 2012 and involved a survey of 1169 respondents, aged 40 years and above. Multistage cluster sampling was used for participant selection, followed by random sampling of the participants. The World Health Organization STEPwise approachfor Surveillance (STEPS) was modified and used for this study.
Results: The overall prevalence of smoking was 5.1% (14.7% men versus 0.3% women) and using mouth snuff was 24.4% in men and 1.3% in women. The prevalence of obesity and hypertension were 19.1% and 45.2 % in men and 37.3% and 46.5% in women. Prevalence of diabetes was 16.1% in men and 12% in women. The overall prevalence of obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus was 31.2%, 46% and 13.3%, respectively. On average, subjects consumed 3.37 servings of fruit and 2.96 servings of leafy vegetables per week. Mean walking and sitting hours per week (as proxies for physical activity) were 19.4 and 20.5, respectively. A multivariate model demonstrated that age was a significant risk factor for obesity (OR=1.86), diabetes (OR=2/09) and hypertension (OR=4.1). Obesity was significantly associated with sex (OR=1.65).
Conclusion: These results highlight the need for interventions to reduce and prevent risk factors of non-communicable diseases in urban areas of Kabul City, Afghanistan.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2013-10-01 12:10:52
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/69
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c) 2014 Khwaja Mir Islam Saeed
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/70
2021-05-13T15:39:53Z
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Prevalence of obesity among Bangladeshi pregnant women at their first trimester of pregnancy
Goon, Shatabdi
Nutrition and Food Engineering Department, Daffodil International University
BACKGROUND: Paradoxically, the escalating global epidemic of maternal obesity coexists with malnutrion in many areas of Bangladesh. This proves a major challenge to obstetric practice from preconception to postpartum due to related comorbid conditions including: maternal death or severe morbidity, gestational diabetes and hypertension, increased risk of early and recurrent miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, thromboembolism, post-caesarean wound infection, postpartum haemorrhage, and low breastfeeding rates. A dramatic increase in birth defects and other pregnancy-induced disorders related to maternal obesity has added millions of dollars to health care costs leading great economical loss to the country.
OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to determine the prevalence of obesity among Bangladeshi pregnant women in their 1st trimester of pregnancy.
STUDY DESIGN: 426 pregnant women presenting to the antenatal care until of Azimpur maternity hospital of Dhaka, Bangladesh were randomly selected for this cross sectional study to determine their weight status using body mass index (BMI, kg/m2).
RESULT: 90 (21.2%) pregnant women were reported as obese with pregnancy BMI of >30 kg/m2. 171 (40.1%) and140 (32.8%) pregnant women were reported as overweight and healthy with pregnancy BMI of 25-29.9 kg/m2 and 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, respectively.Statistical analysis revealed obesity and overweight status were found to be significantly associated with age; women aged 31 or above were more likely to be obese (OR=2.5; 95% CI 1.53–3.96) and overweight (OR=3.3; 95% CI 2.15–4.99).
CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence of increasing trends in obesity among Bangladeshi pregnant women, which poses possible health risks both for mother and child. The findings of this study may act as baseline data for monitoring the effectiveness of national programs for the prevention and control of maternal obesity.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2013-10-01 12:10:52
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text/html
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/70
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c) 2013 Shatabdi Goon
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/72
2021-05-13T15:24:24Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2014.72
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A 24-hour dietary recall for assessing the intake pattern of choline among Bangladeshi pregnant women at their third trimester of pregnancy
Goon, Shatabdi
Dept. of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka
Dey, Sima Rani
Dept. of Applied Statistics, East West University, Dhaka
Maternal choline intake during the third trimester of human pregnancy can modify systemic and local epigenetic marks in fetal-derived tissues, promoting better pregnancy outcomes, increased immunity, as well as improved mental and physical work capacity with proper memory and cognitive development. 103 pregnant women presenting to the antenatal care of Azimpur Maternity Hospital of Dhaka, Bangladesh in their third trimester of pregnancy were randomly selected for this cross sectional study exploring dietary intake patterns of choline. A dietary recall form was administered to estimate frequency and amount of food consumption of foods for the previous 24 hours. Most women reported diets that delivered less than the recommended choline intake (mean ± SD; 189.5 ± 98.2) providing only 42.72% of total RDA value. The results of this study may indicate that dietary choline among pregnant, Bangladeshi women may not be adequate to meet the needs of both, the mother and fetus. Further studies are warranted to determine clinical implications.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2014-04-17 14:15:55
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/72
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c) 2014 Shatabdi Goon, Sima Rani Dey
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/134
2021-05-13T15:08:16Z
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Prevalence of hypertension and associated factors in Jalalabad City, Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan
Saeed, Khwaja Mir Islam
Afghanistan National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul
Background: Hypertension affects an estimated one billion people, worldwide. It is a public health challenge characterized by increased morbidity, mortality, as well as cost to the community and health systems. The goal of this study is to determine the prevalence of hypertension and characterize associated risk factors in an urban setting in Afghanistan.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of adults aged 25-65 years was conducted in Jalalabad city from May to June 2013 using the World Health Organization STEPwise approach to surveillance (WHO STEPS). A multistage technique was used to enroll 1,200 participants in the study. Demographic and socio-economic variables were collected via individual interviews using the WHO STEPS survey, after which blood samples were collected using a locally developed standard operating procedure (SOP). Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed to explore the association between hypertension and associated factors.
Results: A total of 1,180 adults (40% males, 60% females) of 25-65 years of age were surveyed. The response rate was 98.5 % and the prevalence of hypertension was 28.4. Independent risk factors of hypertension were found to be: age ? 50 (AOR = 3.42, 95% CI: 2.50 – 4.76); sex (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.38 – 0.88); obesity (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.49 – 2.94); and diabetes (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.10 – 2.79). Independent protective factors were physically demanding occupations (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.36 – 0.85); physical activity itself (AOR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.47 – 0.99) and consuming more vegetables (AOR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38 – 0.93).
Conclusion: This urban setting in Afghanistan evidenced a high prevalence of hypertension; age, obesity, and diabetes were identified as risk factors and physical activity and consuming more vegetables were protective. These findings have implications for future public health intervention and clinical efforts.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2015-02-05 11:17:09
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/134
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Khwaja Mir Islam Saeed
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/138
2021-05-13T15:07:04Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2015.138
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Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders among the Rural Geriatric Population: A Pilot Study in Karnataka, India
Nair, Sreejith S.
Department of Community Medicine, Navodaya Medical College, Raichur, Karnataka
Raghunath, Pooja
Department of Microbiology, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Tiruvalla, Kottayam, Kerala
Nair, Sreekanth S.
Department of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Pariyaram, Kannur, Kerala
Background: Increasing life expectancy around the world, an outstanding achievement of our century, has brought with it new public health challenges. India is the second most populous country in the world, with over 72 million inhabitants above 60 years of age as of 2001. The life expectancy in India increased from 32 years in 1947 to over 66 years in 2010, with 8.0% of the population now reaching over 60 years of age. Few studies in India target the health, especially mental health, of this geriatric population. This study aims to estimate the current prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the geriatric population of the rural area of Singanodi,Karnataka, India.
Methods: This cross sectional, epidemiological, community-based study was conducted in a rural health training area of Singanodi, Raichur District, Karnataka, India.The General Health Questionnaire-12, Mini Mental State Examination, and Geriatric Depression Scale were administered to 366 participants. Chi square tests with Yates correction were utilized for statistical analysis using SPSS 19.0 software.
Results:We found that 33.9% of the geriatric population in the selected province were above the threshold for mental illness based on the GHQ-12 questionnaire. Females had a higher prevalence of mental disorder at 77.6% (152 out of 196) as compared to males who had a prevalence of 42.4% (72 out of 170). The most common psychiatric disorder was depression (21.9%), and generalized anxiety was present in 10.7% of the study population. Prevalence of cognitive impairment was 16.3%, with a significantly higher percentage of affected individuals in 80+ age group.
Conclusion: Mental disorders are common among elderly people, but they are not well documented in rural India. The assessment of psychiatric disorder prevalence will help strengthen psycho-geriatric services and thus improve the quality of life of the elderly. A system that ensures comprehensive health care will have to be developed for this purpose as part of our future efforts.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2015-02-05 11:17:09
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/138
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Sreejith S. Nair, Pooja Raghunath, Sreekanth S. Nair
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/139
2021-05-13T15:04:43Z
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One Health and Zoonoses: The Evolution of One Health and Incorporation of Zoonoses
Asokan, Govindaraj V.
Public Health Program, College of Health Sciences, University of Bahrain, Manama
Introduction: Zoonotic disease outbreaks have surged in the last two decades. These include severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Hendra virus, Nipah virus, influenza viruses, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus, and ebola. One Health is the initiative of an inclusive collaboration linking human, animal, and environmental health. One Health is advocated through an intersectoral coordination to combat zoonoses, and the term has evolved over centuries. The primary aim of this literature review was to examine the change in the definition of the term One Health over time, particuarly following the the introduction of the latest definition in 2007 by the American Medical Association and the American Veterinary Medical Association.
Methods: This review was conducted in four phases. The first phase consisted of a general PubMed search for the phrase “One Health” for every literature published up to December 2014. Then an advanced search was carried out using “One Health” in conjunction with the terms “zoonosis” and “zoonoses” in PubMed for the time period between January 2007 and December 2014. The articles found were then categorized based on the type of journals in which the articles were published. For the second phase, “One Health” was searched as a Medical subject heading (MeSH) term, which is the National Library of Medicine controlled vocabulary thesaurus used for indexing articles. In the third phase, One Health advocate organizations were found using Google search engine. During the final phase, One Health was searched in Google scholar, examined by Google trends, and analyzed by Google ngram.
Results: Before 2007, One Health had many connotations to health in the medical literature with an incomplete adherence to the usage of One Health linking zoonoses. The Google trends analysis shows an overal steady increase of the search of One Health from 2007 to 2014, which is consistent with the findings of articles from Pubmed.
Discussion: Our results indicate that the linkage between the terms One Health and zoonoses started in 2007, which correlates with the joint declaration made by the American Medical Association and the American Veterinary Medical Association in 2007. We suggest creating a MeSH term for One Health in the PubMed database to support more specific research on zoonoses, and exploring the possibility of a patent of the term One Health to support global health and evidence based public health.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2015-02-05 11:17:09
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/139
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Asokan GV
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/140
2021-05-13T15:09:03Z
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Screening of Gestational Diabetes and Hypertension Among Antenatal Women in Rural West India
Dave, Viral R.
Community Medicine Department, Gujarat Cancer Society (GCS) Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Rana, Bhavik M.
Community Medicine Department, Gujarat Cancer Society (GCS) Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Sonaliya, Kantibhai N.
Community Medicine Department, Gujarat Cancer Society (GCS) Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Chandwani, Suraj J.
Gujarat Cancer Society (GCS) Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Sharma, Samkit V.
Gujarat Cancer Society (GCS) Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Khatri, Swati O.
Gujarat Cancer Society (GCS) Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Shaikh, Khalid M.
Gujarat Cancer Society (GCS) Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Hathiari, Farida M.
Gujarat Cancer Society (GCS) Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Background: Hypertension and gestational diabetes are among the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality, especially in rural areas of developing countries with meager health facilities. With early diagnosis and timely treatment, these adverse events can be decreased. The primary aim of this study was to implement a screening program for gestational diabetes and hypertension, and to assess risk factors associated with these conditions among antenatal women in the rural area of the Gujarat province in India.
Methods: A cross–sectional study was conducted at one of the rural areas of Gujarat province in India. Following a random cluster sampling procedure, the village of Davas was selected. A multistage random sampling method was utilized, resulting in a sample of 346 antenatal women. Screening guidelines from the American Diabetes Association were followed for gestational diabetes screening.
Results: The majority of antenatal mothers (55.50%) were between 21-25 years of age. 242 antenatal women were multigravida, and among them, 85.96% had institutional delivery at their last pregnancy. Of the total 346 women, 17.60% were prehypertensive. The prevalence of systolic hypertension was 1.40%, diastolic hypertension was 0.90%, and gestational diabetes was 1.73%.
Conclusion: Socioeconomically upper class, a family history of hypertension, and BMI ? 25 were strong risk factors for hypertension during pregnancy and gestational diabetes. Health education should be made readily available to antenatal mothers by paramedical workers regarding symptoms of hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus for early self identification.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2014-04-17 14:15:55
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Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c) 2014 Viral R. Dave, Bhavik M. Rana, Kantibhai N. Sonaliya, Suraj J. Chandwani, Samkit V. Sharma, Swati O. Khatri, Khalid M. Shaikh, Farida M. Hathiari
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/187
2021-05-13T15:07:53Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2015.187
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Alcohol and Tobacco Use Among Undergraduate and Postgraduate Medical Students in India: A Multicentric Cross-sectional Study
Goel, Nidhi
Armed Forces Medical Services
Khandelwal, Vivek
Armed Forces Medical Services
Pandya, Kapil
Armed Forces Medical Services
Kotwal, Atul
Armed Forces Medical Services
Background: Substance use among medical fraternity is a well-known phenomenon among both undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) medical students. Yet, there have been very few multi-centric studies to estimate the actual burden of this problem in this important population group in India. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use, assess the knowledge and attitudes towards this issue, and identify factors associated with substance use among UG and PG medical students in India.
Methods: A pre-tested, self-report, anonymous questionnaire was administered to medical undergraduates and post graduate medical residents of eight medical colleges across India. This study used a convenience sample of medical colleges with random selection of study participants within each college for each group, UG and PG.
Results: Prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use among UG students was 16.6%, 95% CI [14.5, 18.9] and 8.0%, 95% CI [6.4, 9.6], respectively, whereas prevalence was 31.5%, 95% CI [26.3, 37.0] and 14.5%, 95% CI [10.7, 18.9], respectively for PGs. For both substances, males had a higher prevalence of use compared to females in both groups (p < 0.001). Positive family history of substance use (p < 0.001 for both groups) and early age of initiation (p = 0.011 for tobacco; p > 0.05 for alcohol) were associated with a greater difficulty to quit the habit. Over 90% of study participants felt that substance use adversely affected their skills and reported not using substances prior to managing their patients.
Conclusions: Since substance use is a relatively common phenomenon among UG and PG medical students in India, future prospective studies and interventions are required to better understand the pattern of substance use and reduce its prevalence.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2015-02-05 11:17:09
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/187
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Nidhi Goel, Vivek Khandelwal, Kapil Pandya, Atul Kotwal
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/191
2021-05-13T15:01:01Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2015.191
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Public Health and Social Desirability in Kazakhstan: Methodological Considerations
Craig, Brett J.
Department of Communication, Nazarbayev University
Engstrom, Martha C.
Department of Communication, Nazarbayev University
Background: As the Republic of Kazakhstan undertakes new public health efforts to promote healthy lifestyles among its citizens, the local perceptions of health and health behaviors need to be examined and understood from the sociocultural and historical perspectives. The primary aim of this study is to examine the association between perception of control on one’s health and engagement in good and bad health behaviors.
Methods: Students enrolled in a health communication course surveyed 310 citizens of Kazakhstan on their perceptions of control over their own health and multiple health behaviors (i.e. smoking status, physical activity, etc.). Twenty-seven students were divided into groups and approached every third passerby as a potential participant during common shopping hours in nine popular marketplaces in Astana, Kazakhstan. Perception of control on one’s health was measured using a validated measure of health control: the multidimensional health locus of control scale (MHLC), developed by Wallston and colleagues. The MHLC measures three separate loci of control: internal, chance, and powerful others.
Results: Participants perceived themselves as having highest control over their health (MHLC subscale internal: 29.70±0.64), powerful others had second highest control (MHLC subscale power others: 23.72±0.77), and chance had the lowest but still some control on their health (MHLC subscale chance: 20.82±0.85). Most participants rated their current health as very good (18.1%), good (45.0%), or moderate (32.3%). Approximately 23.4% of participants were smokers, and 22.2% consumed alcohol. Physical activity averaged 3.63 days in the past week, and fruit and vegetable consumption averaged 2 servings of each per day. Tobacco and the powerful others subscale were significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.17, p<0.05).
Conclusions: Participant reports regarding personal health behaviors and lifestyle did not reflect the national reports regarding lifestyle behaviors. The relationship between powerful others subscale and tobacco smoking indicate that using healthcare providers may open up avenues to lowering tobacco use through patient education; however, social desirability is a notable concern for public health interventions. More importantly, the surveys uncovered future questions for conducting public health research with the general public, including issues of trust in the healthcare system and social desirability bias. Additional factors such as distrust in healthcare and government also may play a role in the public’s participation in social scientific research. The students who conducted the surveys reported a general skepticism from the public ranging from unfamiliarity with survey research to explicit distrust in the intentions and purpose of the research itself.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2015-12-22 11:56:20
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/191
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Brett J. Craig, Martha Corley Engstrom
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/192
2021-05-13T14:58:34Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2016.192
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Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Dyspepsia among Pre-clinical Medical Students in Ajman, United Arab Emirates
Jaber, Noorallah
Gulf Medical University, Ajman
Oudah, Marwa
Gulf Medical University, Ajman
Kowatli, Amer
Gulf Medical University, Ajman
Jibril, Jabir
Gulf Medical University, Ajman
Baig, Inbisat
Gulf Medical University, Ajman
Mathew, Elsheba
Department of Community Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman
Gopakumar, Aji
Statistical Support Facility, Gulf Medical University, Ajman
Muttappallymyalil, Jayakumary
Department of Community Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman
Introduction: Dyspepsia is a common gastrointestinal diseases worldwide with a prevalence ranging from 7 to 40%. Dyspepsia, more commonly known as heartburn or indigestion, is defined as one or more of the following symptoms: postprandial fullness, early satiation (the inability to finish a normal size meal), or epigastric pain or burning for at least 3 months in the past year. Dyspepsia has been studied extensively, but little is known of factors associated with dyspepsia among medical students.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of dyspepsia and to evaluate the association between lifestyle and dietary factors associated with dyspepsia among pre-clinical medical students in Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among pre-clinical medical students at Gulf Medical University, Ajman and collected basic demographic data, dyspepsia prevalence, dietary factors, and lifestyle factors. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the participant characteristics. Chi-square tests were used to test the association between dietary and lifestyle factors and dyspepsia. Logistic regression was used to measure the association of predictors (dietary and lifestyle factors) on the odds of having dyspepsia, independently. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the full association of predictors on the odds of having dyspepsia.
Results: The resulting sample was 176 pre-clinical medical students, with a mean age of 20.67 ± 2.57 years. A total of 77 (43.8%) respondents reported having dyspepsia while 99 (56.2%) did not. There was a significant association between smoking and dyspepsia (p<0.05), as well as a marginally significant association between inadequate sleep and dyspepsia (p<0.10). There was no significant association with alcohol or analgesic use on dyspesia. Dietary habits showed no association with dyspepsia.
Conclusion: Dyspepsia was reported by 43.8% of the repondents. These findings emphasize the importance of improving lifestyle and dietary factors associated with dyspepsia and raising awareness of reducing risk factors associated with dyspepsia. Further studies are needed on dyspepsia in a larger cohort of students in order to fully understand the complexity of this problem and be able to generalize the findings to other cohorts.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2016-06-01 16:06:39
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/192
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Marwa Oudah, Amer Kowatli, Jabir Jibril, Inbisat Baig, Elsheba Mathew, Jayakumary Muttappallymyalil, Aji Gopakumar
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/207
2021-05-13T15:05:51Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2015.207
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Do People with Type 2 Diabetes Think They are Unhealthy? A Cross-Sectional Study in Celaya, Mexico
Paz-Salinas, Karla C.
Division of Health Sciences and Engineering, Campus Celaya Salvatierra, University of Guanajuato
Padilla-Raygoza, Nicolas
Division of Health Sciences and Engineering, Campus Celaya Salvatierra, University of Guanajuato, Mexico; Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Campus Celaya Salvatierra, University of Guanajuato
Delgado-Sandoval, Silvia C.
University of Guanajuato
Olvera-Villanueva, Georgina
Division of Health Sciences and Engineering, Campus Celaya Salvatierra, University of Guanajuato, Mexico; Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Campus Celaya Salvatierra, University of Guanajuato
Ruiz-Paloalto, Ma Laura
Division of Health Sciences and Engineering, Campus Celaya Salvatierra, University of Guanajuato, Mexico; Department of Clinical Nursing, Campus Celaya Salvatierra, University of Guanajuato
Background: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that presents a significant burden on health care systems in many countries. With the rise of obesity, the incidence of Type 2 diabetes has also been steadily increasing. A healthy lifestyle and understanding of diabetes management are important factors for delaying the onset of comorbidities associated with Type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the self-perception of health in individuals with Type 2 diabetes as it relates to BMI status, which has important implications for the implementation of preventive programs.
Methods: A cross-sectional lifestyle survey was implemented in the region of Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico, targeting 100 participants diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. Anthropometric measurements and participant characteristics were also obtained. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine if the proportions of lifestyles perceptions differed by BMI status.
Results: Participants had a mean age of 56.12 ± 10.26, a mean BMI of 29.13 ± 5.48 kg/m2, were mostly married (67.0%), and female (70.0%). None of the normal weight participants perceived themselves as unhealthy. 95% of overweight/obese participants perceived themselves to be healthy, despite a diagnosis of diabetes and being overweight/obese, while only 5% perceived themselves to be unhealthy. However, these differences in the perceptions of health classified by BMI status were not statistically significant (p = 0.42).
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that overweight and obese persons with Type 2 diabetes in Celaya, Mexico may have misperceptions about their own health, even though these findings were not statistically significant. These preliminary data highlight the importance of implementing prevention and educational programs among those with diabetes, in order to combat health misperceptions and raise awareness about the dangers of diabetes and obesity. Furthermore, more research with larger sample sizes is needed in order to fully understand the effects of perception of health on actual health.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2015-02-05 11:17:09
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/207
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Karla Cristina Paz-Salinas, Nicolas Padilla-Raygoza, Silvia del Carmen Delgado-Sandoval, Georgina Olvera-Villanueva, Ma Laura Ruiz-Paloalto
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/209
2021-05-13T15:06:40Z
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Family Medicine as a Model of Primary Health Services Delivery: A Pilot Study in Almaty, Kazakhstan
Orynbassarova, Dilara
KIMEP University, MPA, Almaty
Introduction. Advanced models of delivering primary health care are being implemented in various countries of the world. This is especially true for countries undergoing a healthcare transition in Central Asia, such as Kazakhstan, which obtained independence from Soviet Union in 1991. The Kazakhstan National Program of Health Reform, implemented between 2005-2010, aimed to create an effective system of primary care. One of the key directions of healthcare reform implemented in Kazakhstan included the development of family medicine, which has become cutting-edge agenda for Kazakhstan Health Ministry over the past 10 years. While many papers have been published about the importance of family medicine and primary healthcare models, few have focused on analyzing family medicine effectiveness in Kazakhstan and its impact on access to family doctor services and patient satisfaction. The key aims of this pilot investigation were 1) to assess the model’s impact on access to primary care and patients’ satisfaction, and 2) to explore the model’s effectiveness in some Central Asian and transitional countries in the literature.
Methods. This pilot study was based on semi-structured interviews and questionnaires about the perception and impact of the primary care model to 86 respondents aged 19-51 (54% females, 46% males). The majority of respondents were Almaty city residents (71%), while the rest were Almaty Province rural residents (22%) and residents of other Kazakhstan regions (7%).
Results. Respondents from rural areas associated general practitioners, or family doctors, with community clinics (also referred to as feldsher posts). Even though urban area respondents use family doctor services, they were more likely to get those services in private rather than public clinics. Rural residents appear to have better access to primary care providers than urban residents participating in our study. Also, respondents from rural areas were more satisfied with services provided by family doctors than respondents from urban areas.
Conclusions. This pilot study helped to improve our understanding of primary health care reforms implemented in Kazakhstan, a topic that is not traditionally covered in international literature. This pilot study suggests that primary care is more effectively implemented in rural areas of Kazakhstan (Almaty Province); however, future full-scale research in this area is needed to fully understand the complexity of primary healthcare access in Kazakhstan.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2015-02-05 11:17:09
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/209
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Dilara Orynbassarova
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/213
2021-05-13T15:00:39Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2015.213
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Challenges of NGO-to-state Referral in the Delivery of HIV Prevention Programs in Ukraine Supported by the Global Fund
McGill, Svetlana
Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3894-1776
Background: Ukraine has one of the world’s fastest growing HIV rates and was one of the largest recipients of funding from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GF). The objective of this study was to close the gaps in the literature on the delivery of HIV prevention services by NGOs and the perceptions of NGO delivered services, using as an example HIV prevention programs in Ukraine funded by the GF.
Methods: The aim of this qualitative study was to determine how NGO-based services were implemented in the context of a state-owned healthcare system of Ukraine. An ethnographic study, which included 50 participant interviews, was conducted in three oblasts in Ukraine and in the capital, Kyiv, between 2011 and 2013. This article presents some of the findings that emerged from the analysis.
Results: Participants reported that NGOs were focused more on reporting numbers of rapid tests, and less on motivating clients to continue onto treatment. The role division between NGOs and the state in HIV services was largely perceived by participants as unclear and challenging. Overall, lack of clarity on the role of government healthcare providers and NGOs in providing HIV services compromised the process of finding, referring, and retaining HIV patients in care.
Conclusions: Gaps in linking HIV patients to the HIV care continuum have been identified as a potentially problematic issue in delivery of HIV prevention services by GF funded NGOs. With an anticipated GF exit from Ukraine, the lack of clearly defined NGO-to-state referrals of HIV patients complicates the transition of NGO run services into state funding. Further steps to improve referral systems are necessary to ensure a smooth transition and enable Ukraine to fight its HIV epidemic effectively.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2015-12-22 11:56:20
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/213
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Svetlana McGill, Svetlana McGill
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/216
2021-05-13T15:01:25Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2015.216
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Energy Drink Consumption Practices of Young People in Bahrain
Nassaif, Maryam M.
College of Health Sciences, University of Bahrain, Bahrain
Alobed, Ghufran J. J.
College of Health Sciences, University of Bahrain, Bahrain
Alaam, Noor A. A.
College of Health Sciences, University of Bahrain, Bahrain
Alderrazi, Abdulla N.
College of Health Sciences, University of Bahrain, Bahrain
Awdhalla, Muyssar S.
College of Health Sciences, University of Bahrain, Bahrain
Vaithinathan, Asokan G.
College of Health Sciences, University of Bahrain, Bahrain
Background: Energy drink (ED) consumption is becoming increasingly popular among young Bahrainis, who may be unaware of the health risks associated with ED consumption. To date, there have been few publications on the consumption of ED in Bahrain, particularly among adolescents. This study seeks to fill a gap in the literature on energy drink consumption practices of Bahraini adolescents.
Methods: Data were collected using a previously established European Food Safety Authority questionnaire. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on a convenience sample of 262 Bahraini students aged 10 to 18 years.
Results: Most participants consumed energy drinks 2 to 3 times per week and consumed two or more cans at a time. Eighty percent of partcipants preferred energy drinks with sugar. Participants in the older age group and higher educational level consumed more ED. The majority (57%) consumed ED at home with friends as part of socialization. Notably, 60% of the parents of the respondents have not consumed energy drinks. Prominent reasons for consumption of energy drinks included: taste (40%), energy (30%), stay awake (13%), augment concentration (4%), and enhance sports performance (6%).
Conclusion: Energy drink consumption is a popular socialization activity among adolescents of Bahrain. The potential health risks necessitates the need for novel health promotion strategies and advocacy efforts for healthy hydration practices.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2015-12-22 11:56:20
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/216
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Maryam MN, Ghufran J J A, Noor A A A, Abdulla N A, Muyassar Sabri H A, Asokan GV
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/218
2021-05-13T15:03:23Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2015.218
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Quantifying Socioeconomic and Lifestyle Related Health Risks: Burden of Cardiovascular Disease Among Indian Males
Purohit, Neetu
Indian Institute of Health Management Research University
Bhati, Divya K.
Indian Institute of Health Management Research University
Gupta, Shiv D.
Indian Institute of Health Management Research University
Kundu, Azad S.
Indian Council of Medical Research
Background: Non-communicable diseases account for a significant disease burden in the South East Asia region. India is facing an increased incidence of lifestyle-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease. Socioeconomic and lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been under investigated in India. This study was designed to explore risk factors contributing to the development of cardiovascular disease among Indian males.
Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,235 males in the age group of 18-60 years across three states of India. A household survey was used to collect demographic and socioeconomic status information in addition to lifestyle-related attributes such as smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and physical activity. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed to identify the role of various factors that may be associated with the development of cardiovascular disease in this population.
Results: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease among the male respondents contacted through a household survey was reported to be 9.8%. Logistic regression revealed that males with higher education and higher income were more likely to report CVD. With age as a strong predictor of CVD, the risk of CVD was found to be five times higher in the older age group. Current smokers were 1.3 times more likely to have CVD compared to those who never smoked. Those who were engaged in physical activity were less likely to have CVD; however, the adverse effects of smoking and excessive consumption of red meat showed a stronger association with CVD than the protective effects of physical activity.
Conclusion: In developing countries, where the increase in earning capacity and change in lifestyle has been found to be accompanied by substantial risk of heart disease for males, public health measures like health promotion programs need to be implemented to decrease CVD burden.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2015-12-22 11:56:20
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/218
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Neetu Purohit, Divya K Bhati, Dr. S.D Gupta
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/220
2021-05-13T15:02:12Z
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Risk for Disability and Poverty Among Central Asians in the United States
Siordia, Carlos
Center for Aging and Population Studies, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA
Ramos, Athena K.
Center for Reducing Health Disparities, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska, NE
Understanding the disability-poverty relationship among minority groups within the United States (US) populations may help inform interventions aimed at reducing health disparities. Limited information exists on risk factors for disability and poverty among “Central Asians” (immigrants born in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and other Central Asian regions of the former Soviet Union) in the US. The current cross-sectional analysis used information on 6,820 Central Asians to identify risk factors for disability and poverty. Data from the 2009-2013 Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) file from the American Community Survey (ACS) indicate that being married, non-Latino-white, and having higher levels of educational attainment are protective against disability and poverty. In contrast, older age, residing in the Middle Atlantic geographic division, and having limited English language ability are risk factors for both disability and poverty. Research should continue to develop risk profiles for understudied immigrant populations. Expanding knowledge on the well-being of Central Asians in the US may help impact public health interventions and inform health policies.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2015-12-22 11:56:20
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/220
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Carlos Siordia
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/227
2021-05-13T14:58:11Z
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"161213 2016 eng "
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10.5195/cajgh.2016.227
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Association of rs2294008 and rs9297976 Polymorphisms in PSCA Gene with Gastric Cancer Susceptibility in Uzbekistan
Turdikulova, Shahlo
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan
Dalimova, Dilbar
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan
Abdurakhimov, Abror
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan
Adilov, Bekzod
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan
Navruzov, Sarimbek
National Cancer Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Yusupbekov, Abror
National Cancer Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Djuraev, Mirjalol
National Cancer Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Abdujapparov, Suleyman
National Cancer Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Egamberdiev, Dilshod
National Cancer Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Mukhamedov, Rustam
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan
Introduction: Genetic factors play an important role in the development of gastric cancer (GC), a prevalent malignancy in Central Asia. Recent studies have shown that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several genes are associated with increased GC risk, indicating that genetic variation contributes to gastric carcinogenesis. Located on chromosome 8q24.2, the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) gene encodes a 123-amino acid glycoprotein related to the cell-proliferation inhibition and cell-death induction activity. SNPs in PSCA gene have been found to be associated with gastric cancer risk in a genome-wide association study, but results were not conclusive. This study aimed to investigate the association between two polymorphic variants of PSCA gene (rs2294008 and rs9297976) and the susceptibility to gastric cancer in Uzbekistan.
Methods: Two hundred sixty eight patients with gastric cancer and a control group of 248 healthy individuals were included in this study. DNA samples isolated from these groups were genotyped using PCR-RFLP method. Comparative analysis of resulting genotypes showed a statistically significant association between CT genotype and gastric cancer (p=0.03, additive model of inheritance, Cochran-Armitage trend test).
Results: Comparative analysis of the distribution of genotypes of rs2976392 polymorphism did not show a statistically significant difference; however, analysis of the distribution of the rs2976392 genotypes in a subgroup of young women revealed a statistically significant (p = 0.04, additive model of inheritance, Cochran-Armitage trend test) increase in the incidence of AA (38%) and AG (56%) genotypes in patients with GC, compared to the controls (20% and 40%).
Conclusion: Our findings support that PSCA rs2294008 and rs9297976 polymorphism may contribute to the susceptibility to gastric cancer. Genotyping of these polymorphisms can potentially be recommended as one of the criteria for identification of high risk groups for gastric cancer development in Uzbekistan.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2016-06-01 16:06:39
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/227
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 S Navtuzov, Sh Turdikulova, A Yusupbekov, M Djuraev, S Abdujapparov, B Adilov, D Dalimova, R Mukhamedov, D Egamberdiev
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/228
2021-05-13T14:57:24Z
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"161221 2016 eng "
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10.5195/cajgh.2016.228
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The Potential Contribution of BRCA Mutations to Early Onset and Familial Breast Cancer in Uzbekistan
Abdikhakimov, Abdulla
Tashkent Institute of Postgraduate Education, Tashkent Regional Oncological Dispensary
Tukhtaboeva, Mukaddas
Tashkent Institute of Postgraduate Education, Tashkent Regional Oncological Dispensary
Adilov, Bakhtiyar
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan
Turdikulova, Shahlo
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan
Introuduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and affects approximately 1 out of 8 females in the US. Risk of developing breast cancer is strongly influenced by genetic factors. Germ-line mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with 5–10% of breast cancer incidence. To reduce the risk of developing cancer and to increase the likelihood of early detection, carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations are offered surveillance programs and effective preventive medical interventions. Identification of founder mutations of BRCA1/2 in high risk communities can have a significant impact on the management of hereditary cancer at the level of the national healthcare systems, making genetic testing more affordable and cost-effective. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in breast cancer patients have not been characterized in the Uzbek population. This pilot study aimed to investigate the contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation to early onset and familial cases of breast cancer in Uzbekistan.
Methods: A total of 67 patients with breast cancer and 103 age-matched disease free controls were included in this study. Utilizing SYBR Green based real-time allele-specific PCR, we have analyzed DNA samples of patients with breast cancer and disease free controls to identify the following BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations: BRCA1 5382insC, BRCA1 4153delA, BRCA1 185delAG, BRCA1 300T>G, BRCA2 6174delT.
Results: Three unrelated samples (4.5%) were found to be positive for the heterozygous 5382insCBRCA1 mutation, representing a possible founder mutation in the Uzbek population, supporting the need for larger studies examining the contribution of this mutation to breast cancer incidence in Uzbekistan.We did not findBRCA1 4153delA, BRCA1 185delAG, BRCA1 300T>G, and BRCA2 6174delT mutations.
Conclusion: This preliminary evidence suggests a potential contribution of BRCA1 5382insC mutation to breast cancer development in Uzbek population. Taking into account a high disease penetrance in carriers of BRCA1 mutation, it seems reasonable to recommend inclusion of the 5382insC mutation test in future research on the development of screening programs for breast cancer prevention in Uzbekistan.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2016-06-01 16:06:39
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/228
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Abdulla Abdikhakimov, Mukaddas Tukhtaboeva, Bakhtiyar Adilov, Shahlo Turdikulova
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/230
2021-05-13T15:01:48Z
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"160304 2016 eng "
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10.5195/cajgh.2015.230
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External Quality Assessment of Sputum Smear Microscopy in Tuberculosis Laboratories in Sughd, Tajikistan
Chang, Eva
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Luelmo, Fabio
TB Control Programmes, Geneva
Baydulloeva, Zamira
Quality Health Care Project Tajikistan
Joncevska, Marija
Project Hope
Kasymova, Guljamol
Republican Centre of Population Protection from Tuberculosis Tajikistan
Bobokhojaev, Oktam
Republican Centre of Population Protection from Tuberculosis Tajikistan
Mohr, Tom
Quality Health Care Project Kazakhstan
Introduction: Tajikistan has a laboratory network with three levels of tuberculosis (TB) laboratories. The external quality assessment (EQA) of sputum smear microscopy was implemented in 2007. The objective of this study was to evaluate the EQA system and identify potential performance improvement strategies in TB microscopic laboratories in Sughd, Tajikistan.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on retrospective record review and secondary data analyses on Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) microscopy data and EQA reading results collected between the first quarter of 2011 and the fourth quarter of 2013. Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine the overview of microscopy laboratories activities, EQA results, and laboratory performance.
Result: Of the 123,874 smears examined between 2011 and 2013, 11,522 (9.30%) were re-checked by the EQA system. The population TB screening rate rose from 0.46% in 2011 to 0.57% in 2013, and the case positivity rate decreased from 6.98% to 4.80%. The regional EQA results showed a reduction in high false-positive, high false-negative, and low false-negative errors. False-positive errors had decreased from 0.13% in 2011 to 0.07% in 2013, and false-negative errors from 0.91% in 2011 to 0.15% in 2013. Regional sensitivity of smear microscopy, when compared to re-checking controller, increased from 88.2% in 2011 to 97.2% in 2013. The regional specificity level remained relatively stable at above 99%.
Conclusion: Our study found that a decreasing trend of case positivity rate from 2011 to 2013 in Sughd, though the overall laboratory workload was on the rise. In addition, EQA results showed an overall error reduction and an improved sensitivity of smear microscopy in the region. The overview of microscopic laboratory activities and the actual evaluation of the EQA system on sputum smear microscopy complement each other in providing a better picture on the progress of TB laboratory strengthening. We recommend similar approaches to be adapted by future evaluations on TB microscopic laboratories, particularly among countries of high burden. Interactive training and feedback loops are crucial to improving TB surveillance in Tajikistan.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2015-12-22 11:56:20
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/230
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Eva Chang, Fabio Luelmo, Zamira Baydulloeva, Marija Joncevska, Guljamol Kasymova, Oktam Bobokhojaev, Tom Mohr
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/232
2021-05-13T15:03:54Z
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"150917 2015 eng "
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10.5195/cajgh.2015.232
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Comparing the Use of Uterine Artery Embolization to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists in Shrinking Fibroid Size: A Pilot Study in Kazakhstan
Imankulova, Balkenzhe
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, National Medical Holding, Astana
Mereke, Alibek
Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Kamzaeva, Nazira
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, National Medical Holding, Astana
Ukybassova, Talshyn
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, National Medical Holding, Astana
Introduction: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumor in women in Kazakhstan. In the past two decades, endoscopic surgery has played an important role in the development of gynecologic surgery, particularly in the treatment of uterine fibroids. The goal of this paper is to evaluate whether uterine artery embolization (UAE) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) prior to myomectomy was more effective in decreasing fibroid size and improving surgical outcomes in a pilot study of women in Kazakhstan.
Methods: This pilot investigation included 24 patients separated into 2 groups: medication group (pre-treatment with GnRHa – 13 patients) and embolization group (pre-treatment with UAE – 11 patients). All patients had uterine fibroids, 3-10 cm in diameter, and were treated with myomectomy at the National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Astana, Kazakhstan. All patient data were obtained by a retrospective medical records review. Descriptive statistics were utilized to characterize participant demographics data. Independent t-tests were used to analyze continuous variables, and Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used where appropriate for count data.
Results: The group treated with GnRHa had an operating time of 40±10 minutes longer than the group treated with UAE, due to the peri-operative difficulties encountered by surgeons in detecting the layer between the myometrium and fibroid capsule. The group treated with UAE experienced better patient outcomes (less blood loss, less surgical time, and reduced use of anesthesia) and was a technically easier surgery due to visible differences in uterine layers.
Conclusions: Despite the fact that both treatments (GnRHa and UAE) were effective for fibroid shrinking, embolization resulted in more optimal surgical time and improved patient outcomes. Results of this pilot study need to be confirmed in a randomized clinical trial, specifically focused on Kazakhstan and the Central Asian Region.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2015-02-05 11:17:09
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/232
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Balkenzhe Imankulova, Alibek Mereke, Nazira Kamzaeva, Talshyn Ukybassova
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/239
2021-05-13T15:00:09Z
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"160506 2016 eng "
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10.5195/cajgh.2015.239
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Correlation between Reproductive Hormonal Level and Osteoporosis among Women in Mongolia
Lkhagvasuren, Unentsatsral
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Health Sciences, University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar
Jav, Sarantuya
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Health Sciences, University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar
Zagdsuren, Battogtokh
Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Alabama
Background: Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common bone metabolic disease associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and osteopathic fragility fractures, which can lead to significant morbidity. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol (E2) levels and bone mineral density (BMD) across the stages of menopause in Mongolian women.
Methods: Two hundred sixty participants aged 50.1±4.4 years were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were obtained from each participant and analyzed using ELISA. Data were first stratified and analyzed by bone mineral density status (osteoporotic, osteopenic, and normal) and then by menopause status. Between group differences were analyzed using t-tests, and correlations were assessed using the Spearman rank order test, with Bonferonni correction. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package Statistical Software version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: The mean menopausal age was 48.4±3.4, which is comparable to the Mongolian population mean menopausal age. The mean serum estradiol level in the normal BMD group was 18.3±13.1 pg/ml and 15.8±10.7 pg/ml in the osteoporotic group. The mean serum FSH in the normal BMD group was 54.5±44.1 pg/ml and 81.3±34.2 pg/ml in the osteoporotic group. The mean serum LH level in the normal BMD group was 53.1±41.2 and 75.1±26.1 pg/ml in the osteoporotic group. The mean T and Z score were lower in the osteoporotic group. FSH and LH levels significantly differed across menopause stages in that those who were post-menopausal had higher levels compared to those who were pre- or peri-menopausal. Both hormones, FSH and LH, showed weak negative correlations with BMD level, but not E2. There were significant negative correlations between FSH and Speed of Sound (SOS) (r=-0.16; p<0.01), and between osteoporosis with age (r=-0.30, p<0.05) and number of childbirths (r=-0.14 p<0.05).
Discussion: Osteoporosis is a significant problem with associations to hormone levels in post-menopausal women. In our study, mean serum estradiol levels decreased with age, and the mean FSH and LH levels were higher in women of later menopausal stage. Further study is warranted to investigate the bone related studies to establish better statistical references among Mongolian women.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2015-12-22 11:56:20
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/239
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Unentsatsral Lkhagvasuren, Sarantuya Jav, Battogtokh Zagdsuren
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/244
2021-05-13T14:57:01Z
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"170106 2017 eng "
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10.5195/cajgh.2017.244
doi
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Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking and Factors Associated with the Initiation of Smoking among University Students in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Hossain, Sahadat
Department of Public Health & Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342
Hossain, Shakhaoat
Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Ahmed, Fahad
Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Islam, Rabiul
Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Sikder, Tajuddin
Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Rahman, Abdur
Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Introuduction: Tobacco smoking is considered to be the key preventable risk factor for morbidity and mortality at the global level. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of tobacco smoking and factors associated with the initiation of smoking among university students in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with 264 students of Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2015. A standard, self-administered questionnaire consisting of questions on socio-demographic variables, tobacco smoking status, family and peer tobacco smoking history, attitudes and beliefs about tobacco smoking, as well as knowledge about the negative health consequences of tobacco smoking was administered to participants. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models, chi square, and Fisher exact tests.
Results: The overall prevalence of tobacco smoking was 60.2%, where males smoked at higher rates than females (68.81% and 19.56%, respectively). The influence of friends was the most significant reason for initiating tobacco smoking (OR: 0.862; CI: 0.810-0.917). Perception regarding tobacco smoking was significantly related to continuing tobacco use. Logistic regression models identified that smoking-related attitudes, potential health problems, and family members dying from cardiovascular disease and cancer were significantly associated with tobacco smoking.
Conclusion: The current tobacco smoking prevalence among university students in Bangladesh is over 60%. We suggest adopting WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) policies, especially for university students.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2017-01-06 10:54:38
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/244
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Sahadat Hossain
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/261
2021-05-13T14:57:48Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2016.261
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Publication Productivity in Central Asia and Countries of the Former Soviet Union
Adambekov, Shalkar
Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
Askarova, Sholpan
2National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University
Welburn, Sharon C.
Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
Goughnour, Sharon L.
4Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute
Konishi, Ayumi
East Asia Department, Asia Development Bank
LaPorte, Ronald
Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
Linkov, Faina
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute
Introduction. Despite the significant number of research institutions and rich scientific heritage, published research from Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan) is traditionally underrepresented in international scientific literature. The goal of this paper was to analyze publication patterns in Central Asian countries, and to explore the factors that contributed to the publication productivity in Kazakhstan.
Methods. Publication productivity was evaluated using data generated by the SCImago Journal & Country Rank over the period of 1996-2014 for all of the 15 former Soviet Union Republics for all subject categories. Country specific data, including total population, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, research and development (R&D) expenditure (% of GDP), number of reserchers (per million people), was abstracted from World Bank data. ANOVA and ANCOVA analyses compared the mean number of publications among Central Asian countries. Separate analyses was done for publication patterns in the health sciences. Multiple comparisons were performed using Tukey method
Results. The analysis of publication productivity showed significant discrepancies in the number of published documents among the Central Asian countries. Kazakhstan demonstrated a significant increase in the number of published documents in the period of 1996-2014, mainly in the areas of natural and multidisciplinary sciences. Our analyses also showed that the number of publications are siginicantly associated with GDP and population size.
Conclusions. We identified large gaps in publication productivity among the Central Asian countries. The association between publication rate with GDP and population size indicates there is a need to adjust for these factors when planning research policy.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2016-06-01 16:06:39
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Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Shalkar Adambekov, Sholpan Askarova, Sharon C Welburn, Sharon L. Goughnour, Ayumi Konishi, Ronald La Porte, Faina Linkov
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/271
2021-05-13T14:55:28Z
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Diabetes Mellitus Among Adults in Herat, Afghanistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Saeed, Khwaja Mir Islam
Grant and Service Contract Management Unit, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
Introduction: Diabetes is reaching epidemic levels in Afghanistan. This study identifies the risk factors associated with diabetes in Herat City, Afghanistan, and explores the prevalence of previously undiagnosed diabetes.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using multistage cluster sampling by adopting the World Health Organization’s (WHO) STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS). We enrolled 1129 participants aged 25-70 years between May and June of 2015 (47.4% males, 52.6% females). A structured questionnaire was used for data collection of demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors. Investigators collected anthropometric measurements and blood samples from study participants. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with diabetes prevalence.
Results: We found that the prevalence of diabetes in Herat City was 9.9% (9.8% in males and 10.1% in females). Of the 1129 respondents, only 3.3% were previously diagnosed with diabetes or were under treatment, whereas 6.6% of respondents were previously undiagnosed. The multivariable analyses showed that age, frequency of rice consumption, type of cooking oil, and systolic blood pressure were associated with diabetes.
Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to discuss the high prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in Herat, Afghanistan. This study found several modifiable factors that were associated with diabetes in Herat, Afghanistan. Future reduction of disease burden should focus on these factors in the development of the most optimal diabetes prevention programs.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2017-01-06 10:54:38
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/271
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Khwaja Mir Islam Saeed
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/277
2021-05-13T14:55:52Z
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Spatial Distribution and Trends of Waterborne Diseases in Tashkent Province
Subramanian, Veluswami Saravanan
Department of political and cultural change, Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Germany http://www.zef.de/staff/761.html
Cho, Min Jung
Department of political and cultural change, Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Germany
Tan, Siwei Zoe
Department of political and cultural change, Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Germany
Fayzieva, Dilorom
Research Institute of Irrigation and Water Problems, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Sebaly, Christian
Department of political and cultural change, Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Germany
Introduction: The cumulative effect of limited investment in public water systems, inadequate public health infrastructure, and gaps in infectious disease prevention increased the incidence of waterborne diseases in Uzbekistan. The objectives of this study were: (1) to spatially analyze the distribution of the diseases in Tashkent Province, (2) to identify the intensity of spatial trends in the province, (3) to identify urban-rural characteristics of the disease distribution, and (4) to identify the differences in disease incidence between pediatric and adult populations of the province.
Methods: Data on four major waterborne diseases and socio-demographics factors were collected in Tashkent Province from 2011 to 2014. Descriptive epidemiological methods and spatial-temporal methods were used to investigate the distribution and trends, and to identify waterborne diseases hotspots and vulnerable population groups in the province.
Results: Hepatitis A and enterobiasis had a high incidence in most of Tashkent Province, with higher incidences in the eastern and western districts. Residents of rural areas, including children, were found to be more vulnerable to the waterborne diseases compared to other populations living in the province.
Conclusions: This pilot study calls for more scientific investigations of waterborne diseases and their effect on public health in the region, which could facilitate targeted public health interventions in vulnerable regions of Uzbekistan.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2017-01-06 10:54:38
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/277
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Veluswami Saravanan Subramanian, Min Jung Cho, Siwei Zoe Tan, Dilorom Fayzieva, Christian Sebaly
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/282
2021-05-13T14:52:46Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2018.282
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Nutritional Status and Basic Hygiene Practices of Rural School Age Children of Savar Region, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Hossain, Sahadat
Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Ahmed, Fahad
Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Hossain, Shakhaoat
Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Sikder, Tajuddin
Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Introduction: School children in the developing countries are susceptible to nutrition related health problems due to demographic and socio-economic factors, as well as limited access to food. Since BMI is a common proxy measure used to evaluate nutritional status, the aim of this study was to investigate the BMI categories in school-aged children in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Methods: A cross sectional study of 155 children, aged 6-12 years was conducted at Jahangirnagar University School in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The data collection was performed by in-person interviews and semi-structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, ?2 test, Fisher’s exact test, and One-Way ANOVA test were performed to compare the variables based on BMI percentiles. Data were analyzed using the Microsoft Excel program (version 2010).
Results: Mean BMI of the students was 17.27 (SD=3.16). The prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity was 11.0% and 25.8%, respectively. Categories of BMI percentiles were associated with birth order (p=0.026), personal hygiene practices (washing hands after coming home from outside (p<0.001) and before meal (p=0.045)), brushing teeth (p<0.001), the number of food items consumed daily (p<0.001), and mothers’ occupation (p=0.006). In context of basic hygiene practice, 61.3 % of respondents washed hands after coming home from outside, and 93.5 % reported washing hands before the meals.
Conclusions: This study revealed that more than one third of the students had abnormal BMI. BMI screening in rural schools needs to be recommended in early grades for all children.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2018-01-30 13:50:30
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/282
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Shakhaoat Hossain, Fahad Ahmed, Sahadat Hossain, Tajuddin Sikder
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/284
2021-05-13T14:54:41Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2017.284
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Pediatric Pulmonary Hemorrhage vs. Extrapulmonary Bleeding in the Differential Diagnosis of Hemoptysis
Vaiman, Michael
Department of Ear Nose and Throat - Head and Neck Surgery, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Klin, Baruch
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Rosenfeld, Noa
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Abu-Kishk, Ibrahim
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Introduction: Hemoptysis is an important symptom which causes a major concern, and warrants immediate diagnostic attention. The authors compared a group of patients with pediatric pulmonary hemorrhage with pediatric patients diagnosed with extrapulmonary bleeding focusing on differences in etiology, outcome and differential diagnosis of hemoptysis.
Methods: We performed the retrospective analysis of medical charts of 134 pediatric patients admitted to the Emergency Department because of pulmonary and extrapulmonary hemorrhage and were diagnosed with suspected hemoptysis or developed hemoptysis (ICD10-CM code R04.2). The cases with pulmonary hemorrhage (Group 1) were compared with cases of extrapulmonary bleeding (Group 2) using the Fisher Exact test or Pearson’s ?2 test for categorical variables. The t-test was used to assess differences between continuous variables of the patients in the two groups.
Results: Bloody cough was the presenting symptom in 73.9% of cases. 30 patients had pulmonary hemorrhage (Group 1), while 104 patients had extrapulmonary bleeding (Group 2). The underlying causes of bleeding in Group 2 included epistaxis, inflammatory diseases of nasopharynx and larynx, foreign bodies, gingivitis, and hypertrophy of adenoids. Mortality rate was 10% in Group 1, whereas Group 2 did not have any mortality outcomes during the observation period. Etiologycal factors were significantly different between hemoptysis and extrapulmonary bleeding in children
Conclusions: Our research suggested that pulmonary and extrapulmonary bleeding are two conditions that differ significantly and cannot be unified under one diagnostic code. It is important to differentiate between focal and diffuse cases, and between pulmonary and extrapulmonary hemorrhage due to the diversity of clinical courses and outcomes.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2017-01-06 10:54:38
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/284
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Michael Vaiman, Baruch Klin, Noa Rosenfeld, Ibrahim Abu-Kishk
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/288
2021-05-13T14:53:55Z
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Cannabis and Amphetamine Use Among Adolescents in Five Asian Countries
Peltzer, Karl
HIV/AIDS/STIs/and TB (HAST), Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa;
Department of Research and Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa;
Pengpid, Supa
Department of Research and Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa;
ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
Introduction: There has been a global increase in illicit drug use among young people. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of lifetime cannabis and amphetamine use, as well as to explore factors associated with substance use among adolescents in five Asian countries: Iraq, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mongolia, and Vietnam.
Methods: 38,941 school children (mean age 15.4 years, SD=1.5) completed the cross-sectional Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS). Topics covered in the questionnaire included cannabis and amphetamine use. Personal, parental, and environmental attributes were explored as predictors of cannabis and amphetamine use. Logistic regression was used to assess the contribution of potential predictors on lifetime cannabis and lifetime amphetamine use.
Results: Overall, the prevalence of lifetime cannabis use was 0.9% and lifetime amphetamine use was 1.0% among research participants. Cannabis use was influenced by male gender (Kuwait, Mongolia), parental smoking habits (Kuwait, Iraq), and current cigarette smoking in all countries. Amphetamine use was associated with suicidal ideation (Kuwait, Malaysia, Vietnam), school truancy (Malaysia, Mongolia, Vietnam), being a victim of physical assault (Kuwait, Mongolia), bullying victimization (Iraq, Malaysia, Vietnam), as well as anxiety and current cigarette use in all countries.
Conclusions: Our preliminary results show the importance of personal attributes such as mental distress and environmental stressors on lifetime cannabis and lifetime amphetamine use. Future prospective studies are needed to identify causal relationships among personal attributes, parental attributes, environmental stressors, and illicit substance use.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2017-01-06 10:54:38
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/288
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Karl Peltzer, Supa Pengpid
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/295
2021-05-13T14:53:32Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2018.295
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A Comparison of Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Knowledge Among Women Across Seven Post-Soviet Countries
Zainiddinov, Hakim
Rutgers University, United States
Habibov, Nazim
University of Windsor, Canada
Introduction: Post-Soviet countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia have witnessed a recent growth of HIV infection through heterosexual transmission. Women’s low levels of knowledge about HIV prevention and transmission methods have been found to account for the higher female-to-male ratio among cases infected through the heterosexual route. This cross national comparison study assessed comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge and its key determinants among women of seven post-Soviet countries and identified which countries face the highest levels of risk due to the low levels of HIV/AIDS awareness.
Methods: Study data were obtained from the third wave of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS3) (conducted in 2005 and 2006), nationally representative samples of women aged 15-49 years. Data on HIV/AIDS knowledge were analyzed for women in Kazakhstan (N=14,310), Kyrgyzstan (N=6,493), Tajikistan (N=4,676), Uzbekistan (N=13,376), Belarus (N=5,884), Ukraine (N=6,066), and Georgia (N=7,727) using descriptive statistics and ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions.
Results: We found that the percentage of women who could correctly identify all five modes of HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention was highest in Eastern European countries of Belarus (34.98%) and Ukraine (31.67%). Across all countries, the strongest predictors of comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge were age, education, and region of residence. Marital status, area of residence (urban vs. rural), and household wealth were significant predictors for several countries.
Conclusion: High rates of comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge were found among women of Belarus and Ukraine. To reduce the spread of HIV in the region, programs promoting comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge for women of younger ages and with lower education are recommended.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2018-01-30 13:50:30
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/295
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Hakim Zainiddinov, Nazim Habibov
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/297
2021-05-13T14:41:20Z
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"200724 2020 eng "
2166-7403
10.5195/cajgh.2020.297
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Role of ‘One Stop Crisis Centre’ in Identifying and Assisting Victims of Violence in an Indian Health Care Setup
Verma, Prachi
School of Management Studies, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
Puri, Payal
District Hospital, Panchkula, India
Sharma, Dhruv
District Hospital, Panchkula, India
Singh, Shreya
District Hospital, Panchkula, India
Introduction: Cases of female targeted violence often go uncounted in India. To identify the unreported cases of violence, Sukoon was established in 2014 as a hospital-based ‘One Stop Crisis Centre’ (OSCC). Sukoon provides counselling, police assistance and legal aid to the victims. The aim of the present study was to recognize the role of Sukoon in preventing violence against women (VAW) in the region.
Methods: Secondary data was extracted from 430 victims who approached Sukoon from August 2014 through January 2017. Data was collected on different variables: age, marital status, nature of violence, medium through which victims approached Sukoon and type of assistance provided. Significance of association of studied factors with the type of assault was investigated using ?2 test.
Results: Age of study-victims ranged from 4 to 75 years with a median age of 26 years and mean age of 27.61 years with standard deviation of 10.56 years. Major types of VAW (96.51%) were domestic violence, sexual assault, physical assault and poisoning. The types of violences were significantly associated with victims’ age (?2 =5.76, d.f.=1, p<0.05) and marital status (?2 = 98.23, d.f=4, p<0.001). About 78% of victims were identified from Sukoon through screening and counseling. Around 69% of the cases were resolved directly by Sukoon or through police assistance.
Conclusion: The above results indicate a significant role of Sukoon in screening victims of violence and providing them required assistance within the hospital environment in one location. Such centers should be further promoted by the government to address the issues of VAW.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2020-03-31 15:24:22
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/297
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Prachi Verma, Payal Puri, Dhruv Sharma, Shreya Singh
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/299
2021-05-13T14:55:05Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2017.299
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Hysterectomy Pathway as the Global Engine of Practice Change: Implications for Value in Care
Sanei-Moghaddam, Amin
Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences
Goughnour, Sharon
Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences
Edwards, Robert
Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Magee-Womens Hospital
Comerci, John
Kelley, Joseph
Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Magee-Womens Hospital
Donnellan, Nicole
Divisions of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Magee-Womens Hospital
Linkov, Faina
Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Mansuria, Suketu
Divisions of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Introduction: In 2012, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) introduced a hysterectomy clinical pathway to reduce the number of total abdominal hysterectomies performed for benign gynecological indications. This study focused on exploring physician and patient factors impacting the utilization of hysterectomy clinical pathways.
Methods: An online survey with 24 questions was implemented to explore physicians’ attitudes and perceived barriers toward implementing the pathway. A survey consisting of 27 questions was developed for patients to determine the utility of a pathway-based educational tool for making surgery decisions and to measure satisfaction with the information provided. Descriptive statistics were used to describe survey results, while thematic analysis was performed on verbal feedback submitted by respondents.
Results: Physician respondents found the clinical pathway to be practical, beneficial to patients, and up-to-date with the latest evidence-based literature. Key barriers to the use of the pathway that were identified by physicians included perceived waste of time, inappropriateness for some of the patient groups, improper incentive structure, and excessive bureaucracy surrounding the process. Overall, patient respondents were satisfied with the tool and found it to be helpful with the decision-making process of choosing a hysterectomy route.
Conclusions: Physicians and patients found the developed tools to be practical and beneficial. Findings of this study will help to use pathways as a unifying framework to shape future care of patients needing hysterectomy and add value to their care.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2017-01-06 10:54:38
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/299
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Amin Sanei-Moghaddam, Sharon Goughnour, Robert Edwards, John Comerci, Joseph Kelley, Nicole Donnellan, Faina Linkov, Suketu Mansuria
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/313
2021-05-13T14:49:13Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2019.313
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Sero-Occurrence of HBV/HCV Co-infection and Levels of Liver Enzymes among Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India: a Pilot Study
Desikan, Prabha
Department of Microbiology, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, India
Rangnekar, Aseem
Department of Microbiology, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, India
Khan, Zeba
Department of Microbiology, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, India
Panwalkar, Nikita
Department of Microbiology, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, India
Bose, Protiti
Department of Microbiology, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, India
Gulwani, Hanni Vasudev
Department of Pathology, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, India
Kaur, Sukhpreet
Department of Pathology, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, India
Introduction: Hepatitis B and C viral infections share common modes of transmission and account for a large proportion of liver disease burden across the globe. Patients with Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection may have more severe liver disease and are potentially at higher risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to assess the sero-occurrence of HBV/HCV co-infection by examining the medical records of tertiary care hospital patients in Central India and determine the extent of liver damage based on liver function tests (LFTs).
Methods: Patients with a positive test for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) over a period of 10 years were identified from laboratory records in a tertiary care facility in central India. Records of 51,075 consecutive non-duplicate blood samples were then screened for a positive HBV and HCV tests. LFT, liver enzymes, and bilirubin data were also extracted. Means and standard deviations were determined for continuous variables, and the difference in means was compared using a independent samples t-test. Associations between HBV/HCV co-infection status and demographic variables were calculated using Pearson’s Chi-squared test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: In this study, 1674 (3.27%) screened patients were positive for HBsAg and the sero-occurrence of co-infection with HCV in HBsAg positive patients was reported in 28 individuals (1.67%). There was no significant gender difference for HBV/HCV co-infection (p>0.05). HBV/HCV co-infection was observed more frequently in the 31-60 year old age group (p=0.001). HBV/HCV co-infected patients had significantly higher levels of liver enzymes and bilirubin than those with HBsAg mono-infection (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Liver function tests are potentially important predictors for HBV/HCV coinfection. Screening for HCV co-infection in HBsAg-positive patients is recommended in India. Detection of co-infection may enable timely preventive/therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing progression to hepatocellular carcinoma.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2019-01-23 10:45:36
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/313
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Prabha Desikan, Aseem Rangnekar, Zeba Khan, Nikita Panwalkar, Protiti Bose, Hanni Vasudev Gulwani, Sukhpreet Kaur
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/328
2021-05-13T14:51:37Z
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"181106 2018 eng "
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Healthcare Access Experiences Among Indigenous Women in Northern Rural Thailand: A Focused Ethnographic Study
Thummapol, Onouma
University of Alberta, Canada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2973-4118
Barton, Sylvia
University of Northern British Columbia, Canada
Park, Tanya
University of Alberta, Canada
Introduction: Persistent inequities in health and access to healthcare services for indigenous women living in Thailand remain a significant challenge. This study provides narrative accounts of Indigenous women’s experiences accessing healthcare in northern and rural Thailand and explores the complexity of culture and its interaction with multiple intersecting influences on health behaviours.
Methods: A focused ethnographic study was conducted to understand and describe the culture of health behaviors and other cultural phenomena. We recruited 21 female participants aged 20-41 years between March and April of 2017. In-depth semi-structured interviews conducted in Thai were used to explore the experiences of the participants living in a northern rural village. Data analysis was informed and guided by Roper and Shapira’s framework for ethnographic analysis.
Results: Seven themes presented across three phases of experience (pre-access, making choices, and encountering difficulties) revealed an in-depth understanding of the Indigenous women’s lives, the broader sociocultural context in which they lived, and the challenges they faced when accessing healthcare. Analysis of data showed that the participants did not have equal access to healthcare and often disproportionately experienced discriminatory practices and negative attitudes of mainstream healthcare providers.
Conclusions: This is the only study to date that discusses healthcare access challenges experienced by Indigenous women living in a northern rural Thai village. There is an urgent need to focus on citizenship, employment, and general health conditions; gender, familial, and labor roles; specific health conditions, wellness, and cultural practices; the seeking of healthcare services; healthcare provider relationships; the ability to access needed care; and optimization of self-care. Future efforts to improve healthcare access and reduce disease burden might benefit from these findings and allow for the development of more effective strategies, programs, and policies.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2018-01-30 13:50:30
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/328
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Onouma Thummapol, Sylvia Barton, Tanya Park
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/331
2021-05-13T14:48:50Z
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Evaluation of micronuclei in oral mucosa of individuals exposed to ionizing radiation: a pilot study from Celaya, México
Padilla-Raygoza, Nicolas
Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Division of Health Sciences and Engineering, Universidad of Guanajuato Mutualismo, México
Gutiérrez, María del Rocio Adame
Academic Unity of Nursing N°1, University Autonomous of Guerrero, México
Martínez, Itza Zelene Moreno
Division of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, México
Beltran-Campos, Vicente
Department of Clinical Nursing, Division of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, México
Delgado-Sandoval, Silvia del Carmen
Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Division of Health Sciences and Engineering, Universidad of Guanajuato Mutualismo, México
Garcia-Campos, Maria de Lourdes
Department of Clinical Nursing, Division of Health Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, México
Sosa-Aquino, Modesto Antonio
Department oh Physical Engineering, Division of Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, México
Cordova-Fraga, Teodoro
Department oh Physical Engineering, Division of Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, México
Guzman-Cabrera, Rafael
Departmentof Electrical Engineering, Division of Engineerings, University of Guanajuato, México
Introduction: Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation can potentially lead to adverse health effects, including cancer and genetic defects. Genetic damage caused by radiation can be detected if micronuclei are observed. The objective of this pilot study was to detect the presence of micronuclei in cells of the oral mucosa in inidividuals occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation.
Methods: We implemented a pilot case-control study in which we compared oral mucosa micronuclei in 30 medical and nursing personnel in radiology centers in Celaya, Mexico, with 30 volunteers not exposed to ionizing radiation recruited from a public University. The oral mucosa was brushed and the amount of micronuclei was quantified. Chi-square test or t-test for two proportions were used to compared ionizing radiation and genetic damage between exposed and non-exposed groups.
Results: The exposed group had an average of 5.37 ± 3.49 micronuclei and the non-exposed had 0.37 ± 0.61 (P<0.01). In the exposed group, 90% of participants exhibited genetic damage compared to 6.67% in the unexposed group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In this pilot study, medical and nursing staff from radiology centers presented with higher genetic damage compared to control group. Further studies are needed to identify the prevalence of genetic damage due to occupational radiation exposure in Mexico.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2019-01-23 10:45:36
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/331
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Nicolas Padilla-Raygoza, María del Rocio Adame Gutiérrez, Itza Zelene Moreno Martínez, Vicente Beltran-Campos, Silvia del Carmen Delgado-Sandoval, Maria de Lourdes Garcia-Campos, Modesto Antonio Sosa-Aquino, Teodoro Cordova-Fraga, Rafael Guzman-Cabrera
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/333
2021-05-13T14:50:23Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2019.333
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Knowledge and Perception of Diabetes and Available Services among Diabetic Patients in the State of Qatar
Al-Thani, Al-Anoud
Ministry of Public Health, State of Qatar
Farghaly, Aiman
Ministry of Public Health, State of Qatar
Akram, Hammad
Ministry of Public Health, State of Qatar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-2335
Khalifa, ShamsEldin
Ministry of Public Health, State of Qatar
Vinodson, Benjamin
Ministry of Public Health, State of Qatar
Loares, Alma
Ministry of Public Health, State of Qatar
Abou-Samra, Abdul-Badi
Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, State of Qatar
Introduction: Diabetes is a major public health concern in Qatar. This study examined diabetes knowledge and perception of available services for diabetes control among diabetic patients in Qatar.
Methods: Data from 300 diabetic patients were collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire between February and May 2015 at Hamad Medical Corporation healthcare facilities in Qatar. Survey responses were represented as frequencies, and Chi-square tests were used to compare proportions across gender. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: 31% of patients had Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) (females 36.6%, males 26.5%) and 54% had Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (males 56.6%, females 50%). Knowledge about diabetes types did not differ by sex (P=0.16). 32.3% of patients were treated for diabetes-related complications including: high cholesterol (39.2%), vision problems (33.1%), hypertension (30.0%), and foot problems (25.1 %). Most patients were diagnosed at primary care clinics (41.7%). During visits, 78.3% of patients reported that they were fully advised about different diabetes tests. 57.0% of patients had ?4 visits for diabetes checkups in the past 12 months. 66.7% of patients reported that they were confident or very confident in managing their diabetes as a result of their healthcare visits in the past year. The majority of patients reported receiving diabetes-related guidance from physicians (89.7%).
Conclusions: Study participants had variable knowledge of diabetes, its complications and risk factors, and services available to diabetics. More comprehensive education and awareness about diabetes is recommended for both patients and family members. At the provider level, further improvement in patient counseling and promotion of available services can be beneficial.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2019-01-23 10:45:36
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/333
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Al-Anoud M Al-Thani, Aiman H Farghaly, Hammad Akram, ShamsEldin Khalifa, Benjamin Vinodson, Alma M Loares, Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/334
2021-05-13T14:52:00Z
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Trends in the leading causes of childhood mortality from 2004 to 2016 in Qatar
Al-Thani, Mohammed
Ministry of Public Health, State of Qatar
Al-Thani, Al-Anoud
Ministry of Public Health, State of Qatar
Toumi, Amine
Ministry of Public Health, State of Qatar
Khalifa, ShamsEldin
Ministry of Public Health, State of Qatar
Ijaz, Muhammad Asif
Ministry of Public Health, State of Qatar
Akram, Hammad
Ministry of Public Health, State of Qatar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-2335
Introduction: Childhood mortality is an important health indicator that reflects the overall health status of a population. Despite the decrease in global childhood mortality rates over the past decades, it still remains an important public health issue in Qatar.
Methods: The data from 2004-2016 were extracted from the Qatar Ministry of Public Health Birth and Death Database. International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) was used for coding the causes of death. The childhood mortality rate was defined as the probability of a child dying between the first and the fifth birthday, expressed as the number of deaths per 1,000 children surviving to 12 months of age. The sex ratio was calculated by dividing the mortality rate of males by that of females. Mann-Kendall trend test was performed to examine time trends. Relative risks were calculated to examine differences by nationality (Qatari and non-Qatari) and sex.
Results: A significant decrease in mortality rate of children aged one to five was observed from 1.76 to 1.05 per 1000 children between 2004 and 2016 (Kendall tau=-0.6, p=0.004). Three prominent causes of mortality were motor vehicle accidents, congenital malformations of the circulatory system, and accidental drowning/submersion. A statistically non-significant decrease in childhood mortality from motor vehicle accidents was oberved for all nationalities (total (Kendall tau=-0.03), Qatari (Kendall tau=-0.14), and non-Qatari (Kendall tau=-0.12)). A significant decrease was seen for total accidental drowning and submersion (Kendall tau=-0.54, p=0.012), while no statistically significant decrease was seen for total congenital malformations of the circulatory system (Kendall tau=-0.36, NS). The Qatari population did have a significant decrease in childhood mortality due to congenital malformations of the circulatory system (Kendall tau=-0.67, p=0.003) and accidental drowning and submersion (Kendall tau=-0.55, p=0.016).
Conclusion: The study is a first attempt to evaluate childhood mortality statistics from Qatar and could be useful in supporting Qatar’s ongoing national health strategy programs.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2018-01-30 13:50:30
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/334
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Mohammed Al-Thani, Al-Anoud Al-Thani, Amine Toumi, Shams Eldin Khalifa, Muhammad Asif Ijaz, Hammad Akram
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/337
2021-05-13T14:51:09Z
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Discovery of Actinomycetes from Extreme Environments with Potential to Produce Novel Antibiotics
Trenozhnikova, Lyudmila
Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Azizan, Azliyati
Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1755-0490 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1755-0490
Introduction: Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens pose serious challenges to healthcare institutions and health of the public. Thus, there is an urgent need for the discovery of new and effective antimicrobial agents. Microorganisms that exist in extreme environments such as those with high salinity or alkalinity, are known as extremophiles, and include various species of actinomycetes. The goal of this study is to discover novel antibiotics from extremophiles found in Kazakhstan that are effective against drug resistant pathogens.
Methods: Soil from extreme environments of Kazakhstan was collected, and pure cultures of actinomycetes were isolated and cultured in modified Bennett’s broth with either high concentrations of salt or high pH to mimic extreme environments. Extracts obtained from selected actinomycetes strains were used to test for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger.
Results: A total of 5936 strains of extremophile actinomycetes were isolated; from these, 2019 strains were further isolated into pure cultures. Of these, 415 actinomycetes strains that demonstrated antagonistic antibacterial activities were selected. These actinomycetes were further classified into groups and subgroups based on their responses to different culture conditions. Antimicrobial antagonism activity for some of the actinomycetes strains was dependent on culture conditions and development of aerial mycelia under extreme conditions.
Conclusion: We identified several interesting candidate extracts with putative antimicrobial activities against several strains of drug resistant pathogens. Our research of the actinomycetes’ ability to produce antibiotics in the near-natural conditions provides a great opportunity to assess their biodiversity and distribution in the Central Asian region and to develop new methodological approaches to the screening of new antimicrobial agents.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2018-01-30 13:50:30
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/337
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Lyudmila Trenozhnikova, Azliyati Azizan
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/338
2021-05-13T14:47:17Z
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Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases Among Residents of a Remote Settlement in the Transbaikal Region of the Russian Federation
Gaisenok, Oleg
Research Center for Medical Forecasting and Analysis, Moscow, Russia;
United Hospital with Outpatient Department, Moscow, Russia
Introduction: Over a quarter of the population of the Russian Federation resides in rural communities. However, the data on chronic disease rates in these communities are limited, which makes screening for chronic diseases extremely important. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases among residents of a remote settlement in the Transbaikal region, Russian Federation.
Methods: A sample of residents from the Transbaikal region settlement was screened in August 2017. The screening included a survey to determine the frequency of self-reported chronic diseases as well as sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors. Additionally, vascular stiffness was measured by volumetric sphygmography using the VaSera-1500 device. Descriptive statistics have been used for data analysis.
Results: 126 residents were screened for this study. The prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors were: hypertension (56.3%), gastrointestinal diseases (33.3%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (13.5%), smoking (35.7%), obesity (19.1%), and diabetes mellitus (6.3%). Pathological vascular changes typical of atherosclerosis were found by volumetric sphygmography in 17.5% of cases, with 5.5% of those cases corresponding to significant forms of severe peripheral atherosclerosis (ABI<0.9). An analysis of mortality causes for this settlement for 2016-2017 found that cardiovascular diseases accounted for over 50% of the total number of deaths.
Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of detectable chronic non-communicable diseases and their associated risk factors. Cardiovascular diseases were the main cause of mortality. Active prevention programs and screenings are required to reduce the burden of chronic diseases in this region.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2019-01-23 10:45:36
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/338
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Oleg Gaisenok
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/341
2021-05-13T14:50:46Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2019.341
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Estimating Maternal Mortality in Remote Rural Regions: an Application of the Sisterhood Method in Tajikistan
Liese, Kylea Laina
Department of Women, Children, and Family Health Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1330-0136
Pauls, Heather
Office of Research Facilitation, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
Robinson, Sarah
Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
Patil, Crystal
Department of Women, Children, and Family Health Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
Introduction: The sisterhood method of maternal mortality data collection and analysis provides a validated framework for estimating maternal mortality ratios in situations of limited infrastructure. The aim of this study is to assess sub-national maternal mortality in the Badakhshan region of Tajikistan using the sisterhood method as part of a larger ethnographic study on maternal risk.
Methods: In 2006-2007, 1004 married women of reproductive age in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast, Tajikistan were surveyed using the sisterhood method. Respondents were asked eleven questions about the sex, age and survivorship of all children born to the respondent’s mother.
Results: Using a national total fertility rate (TFR) estimate of 4.88, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Tajik Badakhshan was 141 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births (95% CI 49-235). The lifetime risk of maternal death was 1 in 141 (95% CI 34-103).
Conclusion: Given the inherent time-lag of the sisterhood method, precise estimates of maternal mortality are dependent on accurate TFRs, which may vary based upon regional experiences of demographic transitions. Socio-political instability and the dismantling of Soviet welfare programs and civil war following Tajikistan’s independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 likely impacted TFR in Tajik Badakhshan. Socio-political trends influencing TFR in rural regions compared to urban, and the investigation of factors associated with maternal mortality, require additional investigation.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2019-01-23 10:45:36
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/341
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Kylea Laina Liese, Heather Pauls, Sarah Robinson, Crystal Patil
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/344
2021-05-13T14:39:37Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2020.344
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Work Preferences in Rural Health Job Posting Among Medical Interns in a Lower Middle-Income Country— a Discrete Choice Experiment
Migriño, Julius R.
San Beda University College of Medicine, San Miguel, Manila
Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health, Pasig City
University of the Philippines—Open University, Los Baños, Laguna http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2666-0157
Introduction: Timely empirical evidence is important in the success of health systems, and such evidence is necessary for informed policy making to address inequity in the health workforce. Literature is ripe with incentives that affect recruitment and retention of physicians in rural and remote areas, but such data in still lacking in the Philippine setting. Discrete choice experiment is one methodology utilized by the World Health Organization which provides both qualitative and quantitative information to aid policy makers in health human resource management.
Methods: The study utilized a discrete choice experiment involving three phases: 1) identification of incentives and levels using key informant interviews and focus group discussions, 2) selection of scenarios utilizing an experimental design, and 3) administration of survey based on WHO guidelines. Conditional logistic regression, point estimates, and correlational analyses were done using Stata.
Results: There is significant association between type of background and considerations for rural practice among the respondents based on Pearson’s correlation (p < 0.01). The respondents put more value into non-wage rural job posting incentives than small to modest base salary increases. The high willingness to pay for the presence of supervision, relative location of work areas from families, and status of workplace infrastructure/equipment or supplies suggest the importance of workplace conditions to attract rural health physicians. Combinations of wage and non-wage incentives may be necessary to provide for the most cost-efficient increases in rural job post uptake rates based on post-estimate calculations.
Conclusion: Philippine medical interns and young doctors value non-wage incentives in considering rural health job postings. Rural health job postings with these incentives are predicted to significantly increase recruitment in rural health job posts, particularly when combinations of wage and high-impact non-wage incentives are considered.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2020-03-31 15:24:22
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/344
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Julius R. Migriño
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/347
2021-05-13T14:44:29Z
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Patterns of Physical Activity and Self-rated Health Among Adult Populations in South Asia
Yaya, Sanni
Faculty of Social Sciences, School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Canada
Bishwajit, Ghose
Faculty of Social Sciences, School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Canada;
Institute of Nutrition and Food science, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Introduction: Although South Asians are considered to be at high risk for cardiovascular diseases, research evidence on the health impacts of physical activity (PA) remains very limited. In this study we aimed to explore the patterns of PA and to investigate whether engaging in regular PA is associated with better Self-Rated Health (SRH) among South Asians.
Methods: Cross-sectional data on population health were drawn from the World Health Survey of WHO. Subjects were 28,020 male and female South Asians (from Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka) aged 18 years and above. Data were analysed using descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses.
Results: The proportion of the sample population reported good SRH was 44.3%, 58.7%, 37.7%, and 73.7% in Bangladeshis, Indians, Nepalese, and Sri Lankans, respectively. Regular engagement in moderate PA was highest in Nepal (69.7%) and lowest in Bangladesh (37.4%). Vigorous PA was highest in India (29.9%) and lowest in Bangladesh (17.9%). In Bangladesh, compared to those never engaged in MPA, those who engaged for 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, or 7 days a week were 30% [AOR=1.306; 95%CI 1.085-1.572], 33% [AOR=1.326; 95%CI 1.093-1.609], 39% [AOR=1.389; 95%CI 1.125-1.716], and 46% [AOR=1.459; 95%CI 1.249-1.705] more likely to report being in good health, respectively.
Conclusions: We found that self-reported engagement in physical activities varies in South Asian countries. Since engaging in PA may help improve subjective and objective health status, health policy makers need to focus on designing exercise-friendly neighbourhoods in an attempt to promote population health.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2020-03-31 15:24:22
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/347
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Sanni Yaya, Ghose Bishwajit
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/348
2021-05-13T14:46:01Z
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Knowledge and Attitudes of Maintaining Bone Health among Post-Menopausal Women in Malaysia
Hatta, Nik Noor Kaussar Nik Mohd
Kulliyyah of Nursing International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia
Nurumal, Mohd Said
Kulliyyah of Nursing International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia
Isa, Muhammad Lokman Muhammad
Kulliyyah of Nursing International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia
Daud, Azlina
Kulliyyah of Nursing International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia
Ibrahim, Muhammad
Kulliyyah of Allied Health Science Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia
Sharifudin, Mohd Ariff
Kulliyyah of Medicine, Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia
Deraman, Samsul
Kulliyyah of Medicine, Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia
Introduction: Public awareness of osteoporosis is low among women in the developing countries. Health education was shown to be effective in improving knowledge and awareness on maintaining bone health. This study aims to identify the level of knowledge and attitudes among post-menopausal women in Malaysia on achieving bone health throughout the menopausal transition period.
Methods: A total of 116 post-menopausal female patients of orthopedic menopause clinic were recruited using a purposive sampling approach. Data on osteoporosis awareness and knowledge were collected using validated structured questionnaires Osteoporosis Prevention and Awareness Tool and Osteoporosis Attitude Knowledge Test. The chi-square test was used to determine the association between post-menopausal women’s socio-demographic characteristics and their knowledge and attitude towards maintaining bone health.
Results: Participants’ age ranged between 49 and 82 years (61.84, SD=7.87). The knowledge of osteoporosis varied significantly by age (p=0.014) and education (p=0.001) among the studied population. No significant diffrences were found for participants’ attitude towards bone health.
Conclusion: This study showed that the age and education levels have significantly different knowledge of bone health.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2019-01-23 10:45:36
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/348
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Mohd Said Nurumal
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/349
2021-05-13T14:46:49Z
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Trends and Determinants of Attitudes Towards People Living with HIV/AIDS Among Women of Reproductive Age in Tajikistan
Zainiddinov, Hakim
Rutgers University, United States http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2292-6798
Introduction: Despite having one of lowest rates of newly diagnosed HIV infections among former Soviet countries, Tajikistan has a substantial level of discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). While initial attempts were made to explore discriminatory attitudes of a wide range of professionals, women’s general attitudes towards PLWHA received less scholarly attention. Employing a nationally representative sample from the 2000 and 2005 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), sociodemographic determinants of HIV-related discriminatory attitudes of women aged 15-49 in Tajikistan were identified and examined over time.
Methods: A representative sample included 5,453 women of reproductive age from the capital city and four regions of Tajikistan. Two dichotomized scenarios representing the agreement to let an HIV-infected teacher continue teaching in school and the willingness to buy food from an HIV-infected cashier were constructed. Univariate and multivariable analyses of HIV-related discriminatory attitudes were obtained using Stata 14.
Results: Insignificant but positive changes were observed in the women’s attitudes between 2000 and 2005. Logistic regression models showed that negative attitudes were associated with the lack of knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention methods, endorsement of HIV/AIDS transmission misconceptions, and never having been tested for HIV (p?0.001). Women living in the rural areas, married, with lower education, and from low income households were less tolerant towards PLWHA.
Conclusions: The data from Tajikistan underscore the persistence of HIV-related discriminatory attitudes among low socioeconomic status women. The study findings can be potentially used to target the disadvantaged groups and guide the design and implementation of programs that promote voluntary HIV-testing, raise awareness about HIV/AIDS prevention methods, and help dispel transmission misconceptions.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2019-01-23 10:45:36
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/349
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Hakim Zainiddinov
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/369
2021-05-13T14:36:50Z
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Online Game Addiction and the Level of Depression Among Adolescents in Manila, Philippines
Labana, Ryan V.
Polytechnic University of the Philippines http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7158-343X
Hadjisaid, Jehan L.
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Imperial, Adrian R.
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Jumawid, Kyeth Elmerson
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Lupague, Marc Jayson M.
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Malicdem, Daniel C.
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Introduction: World Health Organization recognizes online game addiction as a mental health condition. The rise of excessive online gaming is emerging in the Philippines, with 29.9 million gamers recorded in the country. The incidence of depression is also increasing in the country. The current correlational analysis evaluated the association between online game addiction and depression in Filipino adolescents.
Methods: A paper-and-pencil self-administered questionnaire assessing depression and online game addiction was distributed from August to November, 2018. The questionnaire included socio-demographic profiles of the respondents, and the 14-item Video Game Addiction Test (VAT) (Cronbach's ?=0.91) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (Cronbach's ?=0.88) to determine levels of online game addiction and depression, respectively. Multiple regression analyses were used to test the association between depression and online game addiction.
Results: Three hundred adolescents (59% males, 41% females) participated in the study. Fifty-three out of 300 respondents (12.0% males, 5.7% females) had high level of online game addiction as reflected in their high VAT scores. In this study, 37 respondents (6.7% males, 5.7% females) had moderately severe depression and 6 (2.0%) females had severe depression. Online game addiction was positively correlated with depression in this study (r=0.31; p<0.001). When multiple regression analysis was computed, depression was found to be a predictor of online game addiction (Coefficient=0.0121; 95% CI-8.1924 - 0.0242; p=0.05).
Conclusion: Depression, as associated with online game addiction, is a serious threat that needs to be addressed. High level of online game addiction, as positively correlated to the rate of depression among adolescents in Manila, could potentially be attributed to the booming internet industry and lack of suffiicent mental health interventions in the country. Recommended interventions include strengthening depression management among adolescents and improving mental health services for this vulnerable population groups in schools and within the communities.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2020-03-31 15:24:22
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/369
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Ryan V. Labana, Jehan L. Hadjisaid, Adrian R. Imperial, Kyeth Elmerson Jumawid, Marc Jayson M. Lupague, Daniel C. Malicdem
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/370
2021-05-13T14:44:52Z
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Uptake of HIV testing among women of reproductive age in Tajikistan: An assessment of individual determinants
Kasymova, Salima
Independent Researcher and Consultant https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-3317
Introduction: Over the past decade, the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in Tajikistan increased significantly, with women particularly vulnerable to acquiring HIV. This research assessed individual determinants associated with HIV testing among women of reproductive age.
Methods: Secondary data analysis was done using data from 5,867 females aged 15–49 years. Chi-square test, t-test, and multivariate analysis were applied to find associations between women's socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive health variables, and HIV testing uptake.
Results: Overall, only 26% (1,501) of women in the present research reported HIV testing in the past. Multiple regression indicated that HIV testing was significantly associated with participants' age (25–34 age group: OR 0.7, p ? 0.001; 35–49 age group: OR 0.2, p ? 0.001), education (OR 2.2, p ? 0.001), area of residence (OR 0.6, p ? 0.001), marital status (OR 2.4, p ? 0.001), HIV knowledge (OR 1.1, p ? 0.001), and pregnancy history (OR 6.7, p ? 0.001).
Conclusion: Results of this research suggest that there is a need for culturally acceptable interventions, including outreach to increase the overall HIV testing rate among women in Tajikistan.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2020-03-31 15:24:22
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/370
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Salima Kasymova
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/371
2021-05-13T14:43:42Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2020.371
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Rapid Emergence of Multidrug-Resistance among Gram Negative Isolates at a Tertiary Pediatric and Maternity Hospital in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Felsenstein, Susanna
Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Bira, Sarantsetseg
Central Laboratory Department, National Center for Maternal and Child Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Altanmircheg, Narangerel
Central Laboratory Department, National Center for Maternal and Child Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Shonkuuz, Enkhtur
Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Maternal and Child Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Ochirpurev, Ariuntuya
Health emergencies and food safety,
Office of the WHO Representative in Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Warburton, David
Keck School of Medicine,
University of Southern California, USA;
Ostrow School of Dentistry,
University of Southern California, USA
Introduction: Information on microbiological and susceptibility profiles of clinical isolates in Mongolia is scarce, hampering infection control and clinical care.
Methods: Species and resistance profiles of 6334 clinical gram negative isolates, collected at Mongolia’s National Center for Maternal and Child Health between 2014 and 2017 were analyzed.
Results: Annual proportion of multidrug-resistance among E. coli and Enterobacter isolates increased from 2.8% to 16.6% and 3.5% to 22.6% respectively; Klebsiella isolates exhibiting susceptibilities suggestive of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production from 73% to 94%. By 2017, 60.6% of Klebsiella isolates were multidrug-resistant, most originated from intensive care wards. Enterobacteriaceae exhibiting susceptibility patterns suggestive of ESBL production and multidrug-resistant organisms were common and their incidence increased rapidly.
Conclusion: These findings will serve to build strategies to strengthen microbiological surveillance, diagnostics and infection control; and to develop empiric therapy and stewardship recommendations for Mongolia’s largest Children’s and Maternity hospital.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2020-03-31 15:24:22
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/371
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Susanna Felsenstein, Sarantsetseg Bira, Narangerel Altanmircheg, Enkhtur Shonkuuz, Ariuntuya Ochirpurev, David Warburton
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/380
2021-05-13T14:45:38Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2019.380
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Microbiological and Susceptibility Profile of Clinical Gram Positive Isolates at a Tertiary Pediatric and Maternity Hospital in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Felsenstein, Susanna
Cork University Hospital University College Cork, Wilton, Cork, Republic of Ireland
Bira, Sarantsetseg
Central Laboratory Department, National Center for Maternal and Child Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Altanmircheg, Narangerel
Central Laboratory Department, National Center for Maternal and Child Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Shonkhuuz, Enkhtur
Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Maternal and Child Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Ochirpurev, Ariuntuya
Health emergencies and food safety,
Office of the WHO Representative in Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Warburton, David
University of Southern California
Professor of Pediatrics, Surgery and Craniofacial Biology
Director, Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program
Director, FIC, NIEHS Center for Global Pollution Health Impact Across the Lifespan
Director NHLBI LungMAP Center
Director Department of the Army Device Development Center
Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
Keck School of Medicine and Ostrow School of Dentistry
University of Southern California
Assistant Tel: 323 361 5422
Introduction: Information on microbiological and susceptibility profiles of Monoglian bacterial isolates is scarce. Resistance profiles, patient demographics and microbiological work-up of gram positive isolates were analyzed in order to develop infection control activities and policies at the National Center for Maternity and Children’s Health (NCMCH) in Ulaanbataar, Mongolia.
Methods: All gram positive isolates of specimens submitted to the microbiology laboratory at NCMCH between January 2014 and August 2017 were included. Data collected included demographic data, specimen type, in-/outpatient status, hospital ward of sample origin, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing profile. Susceptibility testing was performed by trained microbiologists at the NCMCH microbiology laboratory. T-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used as appropriate.
Results: Of 11,889 isolates, 4012 (33.7%) were gram positive, with most identified as S. aureus (62.6%, n=2512). Rates of methicillin resistance (MRSA) remained stable at a quarter, but was significantly higher among inpatients (inpatients: 630/2002, 31.5%; outpatients 67/290, 23.1%; p?0.05) and sterile site isolates (sterile: 83/171, 48.5%; non-sterile: 416/1678, 24.8%; p?0.01). The vast majority of S. pneumoniae isolates (12/14; 85%) was found to be penicillin resistant by oxacillin disk diffusion. While identification of Group B streptococci was rare (n=137) due to of lack of diagnostic measures available, the number of enterococcal isolates identified increased signifi-cantly due to implementation of improved microbiological work-up (2015: n=7; 2016: n=26; 2017: n=83).
Conclusion: Compared with published studies from neighboring nations, the rates of antimicrobial resistance among gram positive isolates at NCMCH, particularly with respect to S. aureus and S. pneumoniae, were much higher. Further improvement of microbiological diagnostics and collabo-ration of stakeholders is required to address the pressing infection control and stewardship issues and to ensure reliable identification of relevant pathogens in Mongolia.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2019-01-23 10:45:36
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/380
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Susanna Felsenstein, Sarantsetseg Bira, Narangerel Altanmircheg, Enkhtur Shonkhuuz, Ariuntuya Ochirpurev, David Warburton
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/413
2021-05-13T14:45:15Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2019.413
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Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and associated risk factors in healthy female adolescents in Tehran, Iran
Abiri, Behnaz
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Sarbakhsh, Parvin
Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Vafa, Mohammadreza
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Introduction: Obesity is an important health concern worldwide and is a growing problem in Iran. Adolescent obesity has a major role in development of adulthood obesity and its complications. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and associated risk factors in female adolescents living in Tehran, Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 2,132 female adolescents aged 14-17 years in Tehran recruited between 2017 and 2018. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Underweight, overweight, and obesity were considered as < 5th, ? 85th, and ? 95th percentile, respectively, of CDC BMI-for age and sex criteria. Adolescents and their mothers filled in the questionnaires on physical activity, computer use, duration of breastfeeding, total sleep time, and family socioeconomic status. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0 software. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The overall prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 24.1% and 6.5%, respectively. The prevalences of overweight and obesity were highest in the South District (28.9% and 7.7%, respectively) and were lowest in the North District (19.1% and 5.2%, respectively). There were significant differences in physical activity level (P < 0.001), total sleep time (P < 0.001), duration of breastfeeding (P < 0.01), and daily computer use (P < 0.001) among the four groups (underweight, normal, overweight, and obese). Regarding the socioeconomic status, parental education level and economic status were significantly higher in those who had normal weight compared to other weight groups (in both, P < 0.001).
Conclusion: This study showed that overweight and obesity among female adolescents in Tehranhave become a major public health concern. Level of physical activity, computer use, sleep duration, breastfeeding duration, levels of parental education, and economic status were associated with overweight and obesity prevalence.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2019-01-23 10:45:36
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application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/413
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Behnaz Abiri, Parvin Sarbakhsh, Mohammadreza Vafa
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/415
2021-05-13T14:42:56Z
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10.5195/cajgh.2020.415
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Factors Influencing Salt-Reducing Behavior in Young Adults: a Pilot Cross-Sectional Study from Kazakhstan
Aubakirova, Mina
School of Medicine, Nazarbeyev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Sultanov, Marat
School of Medicine, Nazarbeyev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Izimov, Aidarkhan
School of Medicine, Nazarbeyev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Sakko, Yesbolat
School of Medicine, Nazarbeyev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Bex, Torekhan
School of Medicine, Nazarbeyev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Mussagazin, Anuar
School of Medicine, Nazarbeyev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Alibekova, Raushan
School of Medicine, Nazarbeyev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Introduction: In Kazakhstan, a post-Soviet country in Central Asia, salt intake is estimated as high, potentially contributing to the morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to explore salt intake in residents of the capital of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan.
Methods: An online cross-sectional survey of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors on salt intake among young adult residents of the capital city of Kazakhstan was conducted (n = 237). Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed.
Results: Although 95% (n=225) reported knowledge on the adverse health effects of high salt intake, older respondents were more aware of its association with high blood pressure (p = 0.007), heart disease (p = 0.037), and heart attack (p = 0.002). Only one-third (n=79) correctly identified the recommended level of daily salt intake. Females reported more awareness of Kazakhstani people consuming salt more than recommended (p = 0.0027) and that processed products constituted the major source of salt in diet (p = 0.007). General dietary concern (p < 0.001), high self-assessment of salt intake (p < 0.001), and older age (p = 0.012) were found to be adjusted predictors of salt-reducing behavior.
Conclusion: Lack of reported knowledge on salt-health relationship is of concern, especially among young males. A greater dietary concern and individual awareness of the excessive salt consumption is likely to assist in reducing salt intake. Further studies are required to validate the findings of this pilot study on a bigger population level in order to provide a basis for future salt related interventions and policy changes in Kazakhstan.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2020-03-31 15:24:22
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/415
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Mina Aubakirova, Marat Sultanov, Aidarkhan Izimov, Yesbolat Sakko, Torekhan Bex, Anuar Mussagazin, Raushan Alibekova
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/440
2021-05-13T14:38:05Z
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"201217 2020 eng "
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10.5195/cajgh.2020.440
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Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Bottle Feeding Practices in Infants Under Two Years of Age: A hospital-based study in Woldia, Ethiopia
Mihret, Yalew
Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
Endalew, Fentanesh
Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
Almaw, Hunegnaw
Department of Public Health Nutrition, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Linger, Melese
Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
Introduction: Bottle feeding should be avoided when possible in infants under the age of two to improve health outcomes. The magnitude of bottle feeding practice is currently increasing in Ethiopia, however factors associated with bottle feeding usage are rarely addressed in research. We aimed to fill this gap and assess the magnitude of bottle feeding and its association with sociodemographic factors among infants in Woldia, Ethiopia in 2019.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Woldia General Hospital at the Immunization Clinic. A total of 255 mothers who had infants were selected by systematic random sampling method. Data was collected through face-to-face interview using a structured standardized questionnaire. The data was entered to EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression analysis models were used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. Variables with p-value < 0.2 in bivariable logistic regression analysis were entered to multivariable logistic regression analysis. Finally, variables with p-value < 0.05 with 95% CI in multivariable logistic regression were taken as independent predictors. COR and AOR were used to show the strength of association between the dependent and independent variables.
Results: The rate of bottle feeding practice in this study was 42.7% (95%CI: 35.8,48.2). Being an infant age 0-5 months old [AOR=0.16; 95%CI: 0.06,0.4], being a mother age 35-50 years old [AOR=0.43; 95%CI: 0.22, 0.85], having 2-5 children [AOR=6.37; 95%CI: 1.33, 30.44], and being a farmer as reported mother’s occupation [AOR=2.72; 95%CI: 1.30, 5.67] showed significant association with bottle feeding practice.
Conclusion: The magnitude of bottle feeding practice was significantly higher in the current study as compared to national prevalence. Several sociodemographic factors showed significant association with bottle feeding practice which need to be explored further in the future research.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2020-03-31 15:24:22
application/pdf
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/440
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Yalew Mihret, Fentanesh Endalew, Hunegnaw Almaw, Melese Linger
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/447
2021-05-13T14:40:01Z
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"200728 2020 eng "
2166-7403
10.5195/cajgh.2020.447
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Community Readiness for Increasing Older Adult Physical Activity Levels in Kazakhstan
Izguttinov, Aniyar
Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Ainabekova, Assel
Center for Global Health, Republican Center for Health Development, Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan
Petrescu-Prahova, Miruna
Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Wood, Suzanne J.
Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Introduction: Physical activity is proven to be a significant element of successful aging, but many seniors worldwide fail to achieve the recommended levels. This study aimed to assess the readiness of the community in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, to act on the issue of physical inactivity among older adults.
Methods: In order to achieve this purpose, we conducted qualitative interviews with key informants in the community and applied a validated community readiness tool.
Results: The results suggest that the local community is at early stages of readiness to act on the issue of older adult physical inactivity. We identified a number of barriers that prevented seniors from leading active lifestyles, which included community misconceptions about older adult physical activity, family centeredness in older adulthood, scarcity of resources, passive support from the leadership, and lack of efforts in the community. Research findings also highlighted the importance of conducting in-depth analysis of key informant responses in addition to calculating readiness scores, when using the community readiness tool.
Conclusion: Community-specific strategies for enhancing the level of physical activity among seniors are required to offset the disease burden associated with aging and to prolong life expectancy in Kazakhstan, and it is of paramount importance to tailor potential efforts as to address the current readiness of the community and its needs.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2020-03-31 15:24:22
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application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/447
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Aniyar Izguttinov, Assel Ainabekova, Miruna Petrescu-Prahova, Suzanne J. Wood
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/471
2021-05-13T14:37:36Z
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"201217 2020 eng "
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10.5195/cajgh.2020.471
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Poisoning Cases Reported to Poison Information Centre, Ahmedabad, India: A Three Year Observational Study
Pagdhune, Avinash
Poison Information Centre, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Kunal, Kundan
Poison Information Centre, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Patel, Kanubhai Amrutlal
Poison Information Centre, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Patel, Aswin Bhailalbhai
Poison Information Centre, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Mishra, SukhDev
Biostatistics and Data Management, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Palkhade, Rajendra
Animal Facility, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Muhamed, Jaseer
Poison Information Centre, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India; Biochemistry, ICMR Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), Karnataka, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5046-9438
Introduction: Morbidity and mortality associated with pesticide poisoning is a major public health issue, especially in lower and middle income countries, including India. Timely understanding of poisoning trends is required for improved prevention. The objective of the present study was to analyze the trend of poisoning cases in Ahmedabad, India in the period of 2015-2017.
Methods: Detailed history, including demographic data, risk factors, poisoning history, agents involved, and occupational influence were collected for poisoning cases reported to the Poison Information Centre in Ahmedabad. Cholinesterase activity and HPTLC method for detection of sanguinarine in urine were used to investigate the agents of poisoning. Non-parametric tests, such as Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U Test were applied to test statistical significance between the groups. All statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
Results: A total 1373 poisoning cases were investigated. The incidence and fatality rate was found to be higher in males compared to females (M/F ratio 1.89:1). About 91.62% of the poisoning were through the oral route. Erythrocyte cholinesterase activity assay results indicated that 41.29% of the cases were due to organophosphorus/carbamate poisoning. Insecticides were found to be the agent of poisoning in 26.29% cases, and 11.07% of all the cases were agricultural workers. Poisoning with medications, household pesticides and chemicals were also reported. Few cases of food poisoning with sanguinarine were detected.
Conclusion: The data presented here suggest that pesticides used for agriculture are the major source of poisonings. Implementation of usage guidelines, educating farmers and vulnerable population, and finding novel alternatives for highly toxic chemicals may be helpful in decreasing the number of poisoning cases.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2020-03-31 15:24:22
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application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/471
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Avinash Pagdhune, Kundan Kunal, Kanubhai Amrutlal Patel, Aswin Bhailalbhai Patel, SukhDev Mishra, Rajendra Palkhade, Jaseer Muhamed
oai:ojs.cajgh.pitt.edu:article/489
2021-05-13T14:36:27Z
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"210115 2021 eng "
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10.5195/cajgh.2021.489
doi
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Estimating Case Fatality and Case Recovery Rates of COVID-19: is this the right thing to do?
Abdullatif Khafaie, Morteza
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Rahim, Fakher
Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Introduction: Case fatality rates (CFRs) and case recovery rates (CRRs) are frequently used to define health consequences related to specific disease epidemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to compare various methods and models for calculating CFR and CRR related to COVID-19 based on the global and national data available as of April 2020.
Methods: This analytical epidemiologic study was conducted based on detailed data from 210 countries and territories worldwide in April 2020. We used three different formulas to measure CFR and CRR, considering all possible scenarios.
Results: We included information for 72 countries with more than 1,000 cases of COVID-19. Overall, using first, second, and third estimation models, the CFR were 6.22%, 21.20%, and 8.67%, respectively; similarly, the CRR was estimated as 23.21%, 78.86%, 32.23%, respectively. We have shown that CFRs vary so much spatially and depend on the estimation method and timing of case reports, likely resulting in overestimation.
Conclusion: Even with the more precise method of CFRs estimation, the value is overestimated. Case fatality and recovery rates should not be the only measures used to evaluate disease severity, and the better assessment measures need to be developed as indicators of countries’ performance during COVID-19 pandemic.
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2021-01-15 11:37:43
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http://cajgh.pitt.edu/ojs/cajgh/article/view/489
Central Asian Journal of Global Health; Vol. 10 No. 1 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Fakher Rahim, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie