Speman®, A Proprietary Ayurvedic Formulation, Reverses Cyclophosphamide-Induced Oligospermia In Rats.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Аннотация
Background: This investigation was aimed to evaluate the effect of Speman®, a well known ayurvedic proprietary preparation, in an experimental model of cyclophosphamide-(CP) induced oligospermia in rats.
Materials and Methods: Thirty male rats were randomized in to five, equally-sized groups. Rats in group 1 served as a normal control; group 2 served as an untreated positive control; groups 3, 4, 5 received Speman® granules at doses of 300, 600, and 900mg/kg body weight p.o. respectively, once daily for 13 days. On day four, one hour after the respective treatment, oligospermia was induced by administering a single dose of CP (100mg/kg body weight p.o.) to all the groups except group1. At the end of the study period the rats were euthanised and accessory reproductive organs were weighed and subjected to histopathological examination. The semen samples were subject to enumeration of sperms. Weight of the reproductive organs, histopathological examination of the tissues, and sperm count were the parameters studied to understand the effect of Speman® on rats with CP-induced oligospermia.
Results: Changes that occurred due to the administration of CP at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight were dose dependently reversed with Speman® at a dose of 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg body weight. There was a statistically significant increase in sperm count and the weight of the seminal vesicle, epididymis, and prostate.
Conclusion: Findings of this investigation indicate that Speman® dose dependently reversed the CP-induced derangement of various parameters pertaining to the reproductive system. This could explain the total beneficial actions of Speman® reported in several other clinical trials.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.
- Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.
- The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:
- Attribution—other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;
- The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a prepublication manuscript (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.
- Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.
- The Author represents and warrants that:
- the Work is the Author’s original work;
- the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;
- the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;
- the Work has not previously been published;
- the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and
- the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.
- The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.
Revised 7/16/2018. Revision Description: Removed outdated link.
Библиографические ссылки
References:
Templeton A. Infertility-epidemiology, aetiology and effective management. Health Bull (Edinb). 1995;53(5):294–298. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7490200.
Haslett C, Chilvers ER, Boon NA, Colledge NA. Davidson’s principles and practice of medicine. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2002:711.
Pramanik D. Principles of physiology. Kolkata: Academic Publishers, 2007:370–374.
Agarwal VK, Mittal PC. Clinical studies with Speman in cases of benign enlargement prostate. Probe. 1969; 9:153–156. http://indianmedicine.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/root/A/375
Vyas JN, Bhattachariya DD, Bhandari JR. Sexual potency disorders of the male: A clinical trial. Probe. 1970; 9:149–153.
Bhatnagar VB. Therapy of the enlarged prostate with Speman. Probe. 1973;6:29. http://himalayahealthcare.com/pdf_files/speman008.pdf
Khaleeluddin K, Suresh R, Santpur Rajaram P. Clinical trials in cases of oligozoospermia with Speman. Probe. 1973;XII(4):203. http://www.himalayahealthcare.com/pdf_files/speman038.pdf
Kunaiah PP. Role of Speman and Speman forte in oligozoospermia. Probe. 1966;5: 49. http://www.himalayahealthcare.com/pdf_files/confido017.pdf
Mukherjee M. Male sterility. Probe. 1973; 4(XII):201–202. http://himalayahealthcare.com/pdf_files/speman037.pdf
Jadhav SS, Bhaga HS. Effect of Tentex forte and Speman individually and in combination on gonadal structure in rats. J Indian Med Prof. 1971;18:8055. http://himalayahealthcare.com/pdf_files/tforte010.pdf
Subbarao VV, Gupta ML, Arora HL. Effect of Speman on the testes – A histological study. Probe. 1973;6:21. http://www.himalayahealthcare.com/pdf_files/tforte011.pdf
Das UB, Mallick M, Debnath JM, Ghosh D. Protective effect of ascorbic acid on cyclophosphamide-induced testicular gametogenic and androgenic disorders in male rats. Asian J Androl. 2002;4:201–7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364977
Matsumoto S, Hirakawa M, Shimomoto T, Sato M, Kitaura K, Minami T. Collaborative work to evaluate toxicity on male reproductive organs by repeated dose studies in rats: Effects of a single oral dose of cyclophosphamide. J Toxicol Sci. 2000;25:139–43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11349437
Dollery C. Therapeutic drugs. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. 1999:349–54.
Howell S, Shalet S. Gonadal damage from chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1998;27:927–943. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9922915
Meistrich ML, Parchuri N, Wilson G, Kurdoglu B, Kangasniemi M. Hormonal protection from cyclophosphamide-induced inactivation of rat stem spermatogonia. J Androl. 1995;16:334–341. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8537251
Anderson D, Bishop JB, Garner RC, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Selby PB. Cyclophosphamide: review of its mutagenicity for an assessment of potential germ cell risks. Mutat Res. 1995;330:115–181. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7623863
Kaur F, Sangha GK, Bilaspuri GS. Cyclophosphamide-induced structural and biochemical changes in testis and epididymidis of rats. Indian J Exp Biol. 1997; 35:771– 775. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9418379
Ghosh D, Das UB, Ghosh S, Mallick M, Debnath J. Testicular gametogenic and steroidogenic activities in cyclophosphamide treated rat: A correlative study with testicular oxidative stress. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2002;25:281–292. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12173249
Manda K, Bhatia AL. Prophylactic action of melatonin against cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress in mice. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2003;19:367–372. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15015761
Abraham P, Rabi S. Protective effect of aminoguanidine against cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress and renal damage in rats. Redox Rep. 2011;16(1):8–14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21605493
Shukla KK, Mahdi AA, Ahmad MK, Jaiswar SP, Shankwar SN, Tiwari SC. Mucuna pruriens reduces stress and improves the quality of semen in infertile men. eCAM. 2010;7(1):137–144. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18955292
Subramoniam A, Madhavachandran V, Ravi K, Anuja VS. Aphrodisiac property of the elephant creeper Argyreia nervosa. J Endocrinol Reprod. 2007;2(11):82–85. http://srbce.org/jer2007/subramoniametal.pdf
Nagendra SC, Vikas S, Dixit VK. Effect of Asteracantha longifolia seeds on the sexual behavior of male rats. Nat Prod Res. 2011;25(15):1423–1431. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786410802588493
Sahoo AK, Bhushan G. Effect of Hygrophila spinosa T. on reproductive function of male albino rats. JCIM. 2010;7(1):1553–3840. http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jcim.2010.7.1/jcim.2010.7.1.1246/jcim.2010.7.1.1246.xml
Bashir A, Tahir M, Samee W, Munir B. Effects of Tribulus terrestris on testicular development of immature albino rats. Biomed. 2009;25:63–68. http://www.thebiomedicapk.com/articles/149.pdf